化学催化还原地下水中硝酸盐的研究进展

、。[1]。0.8mg·L-150%60mg·L-1180mg·L-1。。100mg-N·L-1[2]。[3]。、。WHON10mg·L-15mg·L-1。。。[4]、[5-6][7]。。。。[8-10]2[11-12]。、、、、1,2,34121.1008752.2100983.3100294.100029。、NH4+。、。、、、、。X523A1000-3770(2010)07-001[e-mail]36720107TECHNOLOGYOFWATERTREATMENTVol.36No.7Jul.,201014。12080Vorlop[13]Pd-Cu/Al2O3。30。。、。、。2、、。。2.1。、。2.1.1Pd、Pt、Ru、Rh、IrPd[14]。Batista[15]PdNON2ON2。Pd。。Ag、Fe、Hg、Ni、Cu、Zn、Sn、In[16-18]。[16-18][19-20]、[21-22]。“”[18]。[21]。Pd-Cu[23]、Pd-Sn41Pd-In61[22]。80%～95%[21]。Strukul[24]Pd-Cu/ZrO2。、。2.1.2。。。。、。γ-Al2O3[20]、SiO2[17]、TiO2[18]、ZrO2[24]、SnO2[25]、[16]、[26-27]、[19,28]、[29-30]。Yoshinaga[31]Al2O3、SiO2、ZrO2、。97.1%78.3%N2。Al2O3、SiO2、ZrO2。、。[32]15NO2-N2NH4+。2.1.3、。Prusse[22]、Pd-SnPd-Sn/Al2O3。Chollier-Brym[33]－－。2.2。S2-。Pintar[34]Pd-Cu/Al2O3K+Na+Ca2+Mg2+Al3+。HCO3-。Lemaignen[19]NO2-SO42-NO3-NO2-。Pintar[35]。pHOH-pH。pH[21]。pH。OH、OH-Ox-pH。。5～15℃GabrieleCenti[36]20～22℃5～15℃98%90%NH4+NO2-。。2.3、。OH-CO2OH-“”。Prusse[37]5HCOOH→5H2+5CO212NO3-+5H2→N2+2OH-+4H2O22CO2+2OH-→2HCO3-32NO3-+5HCOOH→N2+3CO2+2HCO3-+4H2O4H2CO2H2CO2pHH2。Chen[38]。N2。NO3-N2NO2-、NO、N2ON。N-H。2.4。36716OH-OH-OH-pH。。、、CO2。[28]、。[29-30]、、。。、。3、、、。、。Pd-Cu/Al2O3。Vorlop[13]NO3-－L-H。Pintar[39]5。-!NO3-=-dNO3-d#·cat!=$*·%H2n·%NO3-·NO3-·&H2n1+%NO3-·’NO3-!·1+%H2n&N2n!5Pintar[40]NO2-SO42-NO3-。Warna[41]NON2O。Fergg[27]Pd-CuMonteCarloISINGMonteCarlo。Prusse[7]Pd。2Pd。PdPdCO2H2PdPd。4。。、NH4+。、。、、。。17[1]CapriE,CivitaM,CornielloA,etal.Assessmentofnitratecon-taminationrisk:theItalianexperience[J]JGeochemExplor.,2009,102:71-86.[2].[J].,1995,2:20-26.[3]DuST,ZhangYS,LinXY.Accumulationofnitrateinvegeta-blesanditspossibleimplicationstohumanhealth[J].AgriculturalSciencesinChina,2007,6:1246-1255.[4]AhnJH,Kwang-HoChooKH,ParkHS.Reverseosmosismem-branetreatmentofacidicetchantwastewater:effectofneutraliza-tionandpolyelectrolytecoatingonnitrateremoval[J].JMembrSci.,2008,310:296-302.[5]RivettMO,BussSR,MorganP,etal.Nitrateattenuationingroundwater:areviewofbiogeochemicalcontrollingprocesses[J].WaterRes.,2008,42:4215-4232.[6]WangQH,FengCP,Zhao,YZ,etal.Denitrificationofnitratecontaminatedgroundwaterwithafiber-basedbiofilmreactor[J].BioresourTechnol.,2009,100:2223-2227.[7]PrusseU,VorlopKD.Supportedbimetallicpalladiumcatalystsforwater-phasenitratereduction[J].JMolCatalA:Chem.,2001,173:313-328.[8]FanXM,GuanXH,MaJ,etal.Kineticsandcorrosionproductsofaqueousnitratereductionbyironpowderwithoutreactioncon-ditionscontrol[J].JEnvironSci.,2009,21:1028-1035.[9]ShinKH,ChaDK.Microbialreductionofnitrateinthepresenceofnanoscalezero-valentiron[J].Chemosphere,2008,72:257-262.[10]ShinKH,ChaDK.Microbialreductionofnitrateinthepresenceofnanoscalezero-valentiron[J].Chemosphere,2008,72:257-262.[11]WangL,SakamotoY,KamiyaY.Remediationofactualground-waterpollutedwithnitratebythecatalyticreductionovercop-per-palladiumsupportedonactivecarbon[J].ApplCatalA:Gen-eral,2009,361:123-129.[12]MarchesiniFA,IrustaS,QueriniC,etal.NitratehydrogenationoverPt,In/Al2O3andPt,In/SiO2:effectofaqueousmediaandcata-lystsurfacepropertiesuponthecatalyticactivity[J].CatalCom-mun.,0089:1021-1026.[13]VorlopKD,TackeT.Esteschritteaufdemwegzuredelmetallkatalysiertennitr.undnitritentfernungaustrinkwasser[J].ChemIngTech.,1989,61:836-845.[14]HoeroldS,TackeT,VorlopKD.Catalyticremovalofnitrateandnitritefromdrinkingwater-1:screeningforhydrogenationcata-lystsandinfluenceofreactionconditionsonactivityandselectivi-ty[J].EnvironTechnol.,1993,14:931-945.[15]BatistaJ,PintarA,CehM.CharacterizationofsupportedPd-CubimetalliccatalystsbySEM,EDXS,AESandcatalyticselectivitymeasurements[J].CatalLett.,1997,43(1):79-84.[16]PalomaresAE,PratoJG.,MarquezF,etal.DenitrificationofnaturalwateronsupportedPd/Cucatalysts[J].ApplCatalB:Env-iron.,2003,41:3-13.[17]GasparovicováD,KrálikM,HronecM,etal.SupportedPd-Cucatalystsinthewaterphasereductionofnitrates:Functionalresinversusalumina[J].JMolCatalA:Chem.,2007,264:93-102.[18]GaoWL,GuanNJ,ChenJX,etal.TitaniasupportedPd-Cubimetalliccatalystforthereductionofnitrateindrinkingwater[J].ApplCatalB:Environ.,2003,46(2):341-351.[19]LemaignenL,TongC,BegonV,etal.Catalyticdenitrificationofwaterwithpalladium-basedcatalystssupportedonactivatedcar-bons[J].CatalToday,2002,75:43-48.[20]MarchesiniFA,IrustaS,QueriniC,etal.SpectroscopicandcatalyticcharacterizationofPd-InandPt-InsupportedonAl2O3andSiO2,activecatalystsfornitratehydrogenation[J].ApplCatalA:General,2008,348:60-70.[21]PrusseU,VorlopKD.Supportedbimetallicpalladiumcatalystsforwater-phasenitratereduction[J].JMolCatalA:Chem.,2001,173:313-328.[22]PrusseU,HahnleinM,DaumJ,etal.Improvingthecatalyticni-tratereduction[J].CatalToday,2000,55:79-90.[23]HoroldS,VorlopKD,TackeT,etal.Developmentofcatalystsforaselectivenitrateandnitriteremovalfromdrinkingwater[J].CatalToday,1993,17:21-28.[24]StrukulG.,GavagninR,PinnaF,etal.Useofpalladiumbasedcatalystsinthehydrogenationofnitratesindrinkingwater:frompowderstomembranes[J].CatalToday,2000,55:139-149.[25]DodoucheI,BarbosaDP,EpronF,etal.Palladium-tincatalystonconductingpolymersfornitrateremoval[J].ApplCatalB: