高中英语语法复习专题——非谓语

1.todo2.-ing3.done高考语法复习专题一、什么叫非谓语动词？与谓语动词有什么区别？找出各句的谓语动词并指出其具体形式1.Don'tteachfishtoswim.不要班门弄斧。1哪些是动词的谓语形式？don'tteach，谓语动词否定式2.Hehadagoodmemorylikeanelephant.他以前有很好的记忆力。3.Itwouldbeawasteofmoneybuildingsuchaluxuriousvilla.建这么豪华的别墅太浪费钱。1had，谓语动词过去式wouldbe，附加情态动词的动词原形4.Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.光比声音传播速度快得多。5.Whenaskedwhy,pleasejustkeepsilent.当问到原因时，就保持沉默。1travels，谓语动词单数形式keep，动词原形6.Thepresidentwaswarmlywelcomedbytheresidents.总统受到了居民的热烈欢迎。1waswelcomed，动词的被动形式1谓语动词的形式包括主动句各种时态下的谓语形式和被动句各种时态下的谓语形式。也就是说谓语动词应该有完整的_______和_______非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。时态语态1.Tomreturnedfromthemanager’soffice,tellingmethatthebosswantedtoseemeatonce.2.Thenewsmeeting,tobeheldinthathall,hasalreadybeencrowdedwithreporters.3.HavingreachedtheverypeakoftheEverest,theclimberscheeredagainstthefiercenorthwind.4.Hekeepsbuyingexpensivemaps.5.Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.6.ThemantalkingwithmyfatherisMr.Wang.7.Assoonassheenteredtheroom,thegirlcaughtsightoftheflowersboughtbyhermother.8.Toliveistostruggle.(生活就是斗争。)找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）学习指导（learner'sGuide）顾名思义，非谓语动词就是不能做谓语的动词。非谓语动词的构成和用法并不简单，由于汉语中并没有谓语动词的形式变化也就不存在谓语动词和非谓语动词之分，所以中国学生学起来存在语言差异上的障碍。非谓语动词主要分为三种:不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）非谓语不定式过去分词(v-ed)动名词分词现在分词(v-ing)(todo)(v-ing)学前诊断（Pre-test）1.Iamusedto______(get)upearly.2._______________(notreceive)areply,Isentherane-mailagain.3.Alltheteachersconsiderher____(be)thebestteacher.4.Hisbrotherissaid__________(study)intheUS,wherehereceivedadoctor'sdegree.5.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_________(notmake)itmoredifficult.6.Theyoungman,________(make)severalattemptstobeattheworldrecordinhighjumping.Nothavingreceivedgettingtobetohavestudiednottomakehavingmade7.Bobworkshard.Heisoftenseen______(sweat)heavilybeforehisteammateshavearrivedatpractice.8.—Whydon'tyoutrytodothatkindofwork?—Ican'trisk_____(do)somethingnewnow.9._______(get)outofthedifficultsituation,therestaurantisnowmakingeffortstoimprovethequalityofservice.10.Myshoesareworn.Theyneed___________(repair).11._______(expose)tosunlightforsomuchtime,hisskingotbadlyhurt.12.Doyoufinditnecessaryforus___________(learn)atleastaforeignlanguage?sweatingdoingTogetrepairing/toberepairedExposedtolearn13.—Whatdoyouthinkofthisfilm?—It'sveryfunny.Ithinkit'sworth_____（see）.14.There'samanatthereceptiondeskwhoseemsveryandIthinkhemeans______(make)trouble.15._______(give)moretime,Iwouldhavedonemuchbetter.自我评价（self-evaluation）levels:≤8poor9-11so-so12-13Good≥14ExcellentseeingtomakeGiven非谓语动词是语法填空的必考考点，每年高考至少有1道题。不仅如此，掌握非谓语动词的基本用法，对增强书面表达的文采和提高阅读理解能力都有明显的作用。高考主要考察非谓语动词的作用和形式。也就是说：动名词，现在分词，不定式与过去分词以及它们相应时态与语态下的各种形式叫作动词的非谓语形式。二、非谓语动词有哪些？有哪些具体的不同形式？动词不定式动词-ing形式动词过去分词一般式tododoingdone一般被动式tobedonebeingdone及物动词的过去分词既表示被动又表示动作已完成,个别动词的过去分词只表示完成(多数为不及物动词)完成式tohavedonehavingdone完成被动式tohavebeendonehavingbeendone进行式tobedoing完成进行式tohavebeendoing非谓语动词的形式（以do为例）三、不同的非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作的先后关系是什么？弄清非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作之间的先后关系是解题的关键所在非谓语表示的动作非谓语动词的形式在谓语表示的动作之后与谓语表示的动作同时发生在谓语表示的动作之前todo/tobedonetodo/tobedone/doing/beingdonedone;tohavedone/tohavebeendone;havingdone/havingbeendone四、非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成分？非谓语动词主语宾语宾补主补定语状语表语不定式-ing分词过去分词不定式1.主语2.表语3.宾语4.宾补5.定语6.状语作用形式1.否定式：__________2.一般式：________________3.完成式：________________4.疑问词+todo5.不定式的复合结构：for/ofsb.todosth.nottodotodo/tobedonehavingdone/havingbeendoneAtthe2004AthensOlympicGames,LiuXiangexcitedpeoplealloverAsiawhenhebecamethefirstAsiantowinthegoldmedalinthemen's110-metrehurdles.在2004年雅典奥运会上，刘翔在110米跨栏比赛中成为第一个获得金牌的亚洲人，使全亚洲人兴奋不已。不定式的句法功能，除了谓语外，不定式可以担当句子的任何成分。(1)作主语Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。(百闻不如一见)Tosavetimeistolengthenlife.(不定式短语作主语)上山很艰难而下山却很好玩。Toclimbthemountainroadwashardworkbuttogodownthehillswasgreatfun.在很多情况下，特别是在口语中，我们常用it作形式主语，而把不定式移至句末，以保持句子平痕。It‘snoteasytofindyourwayaroundthetown.在这个小镇上想要找到路很不容易。It'sdifficulttofindamoreinhospitableplacethantheSouthpole.找一个比南极更不宜居的城市是很难的。（2）做表语Hisambitionistobecomeanactor.他的理想是成为一名演员。每周一篇阅读理解是为了加强我们的解题能力。Areadingcomprehensioneverydayistostrengthenourabilitytosolveproblems.你现在的首要目标是全身心投入到学习当中.Yourprimarygoalistobedevotedtoyourstudywhole-heartedly.（注意）当主语当中有动词do的时，作表语的不定式可省略to.Allshecoulddowasgobackhome.她所能做的就是回家。（3）作宾语常见的接不定式作宾语的动词有：afford，aim,ask,bear,begin,bother,care,choose,continue,dare,decide,demand,desire,determine,except,fail,forget,hate,help,hope,intend,learn,like,long,love,manage,mean,need,offer,offer,plan,pretend,promise,refuse,remember,threaten,try,want,wish等。例如：HewasveryhappytomeettwoforeignersandwantedtolearnallaboutEurope.他很高兴遇到外国人，于是想全面了解欧洲。Youshouldcontinuetolearnaslongasyoulive.要活到老学到老。(不定式短语作宾语)当不定式作宾语而其后又有宾补的时候，常用it作形式宾语，而将作宾语的不定式后置。常见结构为：consider/feel/find/make/think...+it+宾补+todosth.例如：HefeltitnecessarytolearnSpanish.他觉得有必要学习西班牙语。Hefounditimpossibletogeteverythingreadyintime.他们发现不可能按时做好一切准备。他规定课上只能讲英语。HemadeitaruleonlytospeakEnglishinclass.这两个女孩如此相似以至于陌生人觉得难以区分。Thetwogirlsaresoalikethatstrangersfinditdifficulttotellonefromtheother.(4)作宾语补足语常见的接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：advise，allow,ask,beg,cause,command,direct,enable,encourage,expect,forbid,force,instruct,invite,order,permit,persuade,press,recommend,remind,request,teach,tell,train,urg