管道铺设非开挖技术介绍

INTRODUCTIONTOTRENCHLESSTECHNOLOGY管道铺设非开挖技术的介绍摘抄整理：吕明刚TraditionalMethods传统的方法•Firstsuitedfor“greenfield”适用于未发展区域•Lowtech–littlechangeoverpast50yrs.技术含量低，近50年没有多大改进•Levelofplanning&implementationbasic对计划与实施手段的要求低•“Non-greenfield”–surfacedisruptions,undergroundutilities在市区施工，对地面上的物景产生损坏，对地下的管网产生威胁TrenchlessTechnologies非开挖技术•ThrustBoring&PipeJacking(pre-1900’s)顶管法•AugerBoring(1940)螺旋钻进法•ImpactMoling(1962)冲击矛法•DirectionalDrilling(1971)水平定向钻进法•ImpactRamming(1980)夯管法•PipeBursting(1980’s)爆(裂)管法DefinitionofTrenchlessTechnologies非开挖技术的定义“Afamilyofmethods,materials,andequipmentcapableofbeingusedfortheinstallationofneworreplacementorrehabilitationofexistingundergroundinfrastructurewithminimaldisruptiontosurfacetraffic,business,andotheractivities.”非开挖技术就是采用各种方法，材料，设备来铺设，更换或修复地下公用设施而能做到最小限度地扰民碍市NewConstructionTechniques新技术PipeBursting爆(裂)管法Microtunneling微型隧道法AugerBoring螺旋钻进法PipeJacking顶管法H.D.D.水平定向钻进法HorizontalDirectionalDrilling水平定向钻进法•Lengthsof15-1800m施工长度：15－1800米•Diametersof25-1200mm管径25－1200毫米•Applications:应用–utilityconduits市政工程–Pipelines管道设施–gravitysewers下水管道–forcemains压力管道–horizontalremediationwells治理污染的水平管群–geotechnicalinvestigations地质调查HDDProcess水平定向钻进过程HDDProcess水平钻进定进过程PipeBursting爆(裂)管法•Lengthsof100-900m施工长度：100－900米•Diametersof75-1060mm管道直径：70－1060毫米•Applications:应用–replacementofforcemains压力管的更换–replacementofgravitysewers下水道的更换StaticHead固定式裂管头PneumaticHead气动式裂管头HydraulicHead液压式裂管头PipeBurstingProcess(Static)爆管法的过程（固定裂管工艺)PipeBurstingProcess(StaticCont.)爆管法的过程（固定裂管工艺)续PipeBurstingProcess(Pneumatic)爆管法的过程（气动工法)Microtunneling微型隧道法•Lengthsof25-225m施工长度：25－225米•Diametersof250-3050mm管径：250－3050毫米•Applications:应用•gravitysewerinstallations下水管道的安装MicrotunnelingProcess微型隧道法施工过程PipeJacking顶管法•Lengthsofupto490mhavebeenachieved施工长度可达490米•Diametersof1060-3050mm管径介于1060－3050毫米•Applications:应用–largediametergravitysewersandforcemains大型下水管道和压力管道PipeJackingProcess顶管法施工过程AugerBoring螺旋横钻孔机•Lengthsof12-150m施工长度：12－150米•Diametersof200-1500mm管径：200－1500毫米•Applications:应用•relativelyshortcrossingsofpipesandconduits短距离的管道施工TWOCASEHISTORIES两个例子（一）PipeBursting爆管法（二）HorizontalDirectionalDrilling水平定向钻进法（一）爆管法Alternatives方案比较•Paralleltheexistinggravitytrunksewerwithanewgravitytrunksewer将新下水管与旧下水管平行安放•Constructaseriesof5newpumpingstationsandpumptoadjacentseweragearea需要设置5个新泵站，把污水泵送到邻近排污系统ParallelTrunkSewer平行管道方案•Advantages优点–Maintainsgravityflow维持重力流动•Disadvantages缺点–Constructioninsiltysandtoclayeymaterial3to6metresdeepwithhighgroundwaterincloseproximitytoMillstoneRiver,ahighlysensitiveCohosalmonhabitatstream.在3-6米的粘沙土层施工难度大；地下水位高；会影响三文鱼栖息地的生态–Additionalright-of-waywouldberequired需要额外的管位•CostEstimatedat$5.1million成本估算约5.1百万美元PumpedOption泵站方案•Advantages优点–Minimizesenvironmentalimpactsaspumpstationsandforcemainsforthemostpartwouldbeconstructedinexistingright-of-ways.对环境扰动小•Disadvantages缺点–AddedundesirablelongtermoperationalcoststotheCityofNanaimo给这个城市增加了一些额外的长期营运成本•CostEstimatedat$5.2million成本估算约5.2百万美元PipeBurstingResearchedasaPossibleAlternative爆管法作为可能的另一选择•Advantages优点1.Lessenvironmentalimpactasexcavationisminimized由于极少动土，对环境影响小2.Gravityflowmaintained保持重力流动3.Noadditionalright-of-waysrequired无需额外的管位4.Nolongtermoperationalandmaintenancecostsassociatedwithpumpstations无需象泵站方案那样需要长期的营运和维护成本5.Morecosteffectivethanalternatives最经济的工法•Disadvantages缺点1.UpsizerequiredattheupperlimitofPBtechnologyinNorthAmerica;however,therehadbeenlimitedsuccess扩径要求已达北美的爆管的上限；但也有一些成功的实例2.Lengths100mto175m长度为100米至175米3.LimitedavailabilityofcontractorsinNorthAmericawithcapabilitytoperformupsizeofthisnature能做这样的扩径工程的承包商有限DemonstrationSection演示部分•Abilitytoburstprojectlengths(100mto175m)能施工100至175米的长度•Abilitytoburstpipecouplings能裂管接头•Abilitytoburstconcreteencasement能裂混凝土包封•Althoughsomedifficultiesencountered,remainingprojectwassubsequentlyawarded尽管遇到一些困难，项目最后获得通过。350mm(14”)750mm(30”)650mm(26”)（二）HorizontalDirectionalDrilling水平定向钻进法定向钻在美国信息高速网路上的应用