2016年上海市高考英语试卷及解析

第1页（共14页）2016年25．BagsofLoveLastyear，Iwasassignedtoworkatanofficenearmymother’shouse，soIstayedwithherforamonth．Duringthattime，Ihelpedoutwiththehouseworkandcontributedtothegroceries．Afterlessthanaweek，Istartednoticingthatthegrocerieswererunningoutprettyquickly﹣wewerealwayssuddenlyoutofsomething．（25）（wonder）howmymumcouldconsumethemsoquickly，Ibeganobservingherdailyroutinefortwoweeks．Tomysurprise，Ifoundthatshewouldpackapaperbagfullofcannedgoodsandheadouteverymorningataboutnine．Eventually，Idecidedtofollowherand（26）happenedtrulyamazedme．Shewastakingthefoodtotherefugeecamp，in（27）shedistributedittochildren．Iaskedaroundandfoundoutthatmymumwasverywellknowninthearea．Thekidswereveryfriendlywithherandevenlookeduptoherasifsheweretheirownmother．Thenithitme﹣shywouldshemotwanttotellmeaboutwhatshe（28）（do）？WassheworriedabouthowIwouldreactorthatIwouldstop（29）（buy）thegroceriesifIfoundout？Whenshegothome，Itoldheraboutmydiscovery．（30）shecouldreact，Igaveherabighugandtoldhershedidn’tneedtokeepitasecret（31）me．Shetoldmethatsomeofthechildrenlivedwithanolderladyinashelterwhileotherssleptonthestreets．Foryears，mymumhasbeenhelpingoutbygivingthemwhateverfoodshecouldspare．Iwassoimpressedby（32）selflessshewas．33．（8分）（2016•上海）Stress：GoodorBad？Stressusedtobeanalmostunknownword，butnowthatweareusedtotalkingaboutit，Ihavefoundthatpeoplearebeginningtogetstressedaboutbeingstressed．Inrecentyears，stress（33）（regard）asacauseofawholerangeofmedicalproblems，fromhighbloodpressuretomentalillness．Butlikesomanyotherthings，itisonlytoomuchstress（34）doesyouharm．Itistimeyouconsideredthatiftherewerenostressinyourlife，youwouldachievealittle．Ifyouarestuckathomewithnostress，thenyourlevelofperformancewillbelow．Uptoacertainpoint，themorestressyouareunder，the（35）（good）yourperformancewillbe．Beyondacertainpoint，though，furtherstresswillonlyleadtoexhaustion，illnessandfinallyabreakdown．Youcantellwhenyouareoverthetopandonthedownwardslope，byaskingyourself（36）numberofquestions．Doyou，forinstance，feelthattoomuchisbeingexpectedof（37），andyetfinditimpossibletosayno？Doyoufindyourselfgettingimpatientof（38）（annoy）withpeopleoverunimportantthings？…Iftheanswertoallthosequestionsisyes，youhadbetter（39）（control）yourstress，asyouprobablyareundermorestressthanisgoodforyou．Tosomeextentyoucancontroltheamountofstressinyourlife．Doctorshaveworkedoutachartshowinghowmuchstressisinvolvedinvariousevents．Gettingmarriedis50，pregnancy40，movinghouse20，Christmas12，etc．Ifthetotalstressinyourlifeisover150，youaretwiceaslikely（40）（get）ill．41．A．accountB．adjustableC．appliancesD．captureE．decorationsF．directG．experimentH．intendedI．operatedJ．soullessK．squeezeGoldenRulesofGoodDesign第2页（共14页）Whatmakesgooddesign？Overtheyears，designersandartistshavebeentryingto（41）theessentialsofgooddesign．Theyhavefoundthatsomesayingscanhelppeopleunderstandtheideasofgooddesign．Therearefourasfollows．Lessismore．ThissayingisassociatedwiththeGerman﹣bornarchitectMiesvanderRohe．InhisModernistview，beautyliesinsimplicityandelegance，andtheaimofthedesigneristocreatesolutionstoproblemsthroughthemostefficientmeans．Designshouldavoidunnecessary（42）Moreisnotabore．TheAmerican﹣bornarchitectRobertVenturiconcludedthatifsimplicityisdonebadly，theresultis（43）design．Post﹣Modernistdesignersbeganto（44）withdecorationandcoloragain．Productdesignwasheavilyinfluencedbythisviewandcanbeseeninkitchen（45）suchasovensandkettles．Fitnessforpurpose．Successfulproductdesigntakesintoconsiderationaproduct’sfunction，purpose，shape，form，color，andsoon．Themostimportantresultfortheuseristhattheproductdoeswhatis（46）．Forexample，thinkofa（n）（47）desklamp．Itneedstobeconstructedfrommaterialsthatwillstandtheheatofthelampandregularadjustmentsbytheuser．Italsoneedstobestable．Mostimportantly，itneedsto（48）lightwhereitisneeded．Fromfollowsemotion．ThisphraseisassociatedwiththeGermandesignerHartmutEsslinger．Hebelievesdesignmusttakeinto（49）thesensorysideofournature﹣sight，smell，touchandtaste．Theseareasimportantasrational（理性的）thinking．Whenchoosingeverydayproductssuchastoothpaste，weappreciateacool﹣lookingdevicethatallowsustoeasily（50）thetoothpasteontoourbrush．51．Inthe1960s，DouglasMcGregor，oneofthekeythinkersintheartofmanagement，developedthemowfamousTheoryXandTheoryY．TheoryXistheideathatpeopleinstinctively（51）workandwilldoanythingtoavoidit．TheoryYistheviewthateveryonehasthepotentialtofindsatisfactioninwork．Inanycase，despitesomuchevidencetothe（52），manymanagersstillagreetoTheoryX．Theybelieve，（53），thattheiremployeesneedconstantsupervisioniftheyaretoworkeffectively，orthatdecisionsmustbeimposedfrom（54）withoutconsultation．This，ofcourse，makesforauthoritarian（专制的）managers．Differentcultureshavedifferentwaysof（55）people．Unlikeauthoritarianmanagement，somecultures，particularlyinAsia，arewellknownfortheconsultativenatureofdecision﹣making﹣allmembersofthedepartmentorworkgroupareaskedto（56）tothisprocess．Thisismanagementbythecollectiveopinion．ManywesterncompanieshavetriedtoimitatesuchAsianwaysofdoingthings，whicharebasedongeneral（57）．Someexpertssaythatwomenwillbecomemoreeffectivemanagersthanmenbecausetheyhavethepowertoreachcommong