英语句子成分ppt

句子成分概念：组成句子的各个部分，即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语，主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。主语主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。主语（subject）:句子叙述的主体，一般位于句首•Thesunrisesintheeast.（名词）•Helikesdancing.（代词）•Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)•Seeingisbelieving.（动名词）讲述“谁”Weworkinabigfactory.讲述“什么”Theclassroomisverybig.数词作主语Threeareenough.三个人就够了不定式作主语TooperateontheblindisoneoftheORBISDoctor’sjob.从句作主语Whatweneedisfood.我们最需要的是食物.在“Therebe…”句型中，主语的位置在中间。如：Therearesomebottlesofmilkinthebox.在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it作形式主语。如：Itisveryinterestingtoplaythegamecalled“treatortrick”.Ittooktwoworkersaboutthreemonthstobuildthehouse.•Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）•Whatheneedsisabook.（主语从句）•Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.形式主语真正主语It=thattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree•Therichshouldhelpthepoor.名词化的形容词•1.Doexerciseisgoodforyourhealth.•2.Eattoomuchmeatisbadforyourhealth.V.不能做主语！指出下列句中主语的中心词①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.•介词不能作主语②Thereisanoldmancominghere.•Thereisanappleonthetable.•Anappleisthereonthetable.•③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.•找出下面句子的主语•1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.•2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou.•3.Cleaningthehouseneedsalotoftime.主语小测•单选：•1.Marywithhertwodaughters_____goingtoShanghaiforExplo2010nextmonth.•A.areB.wasC.isD.were•2.____moreexercisedoesgoodtoyourhealth.•A.DoB.DoesC.DidD.Doing•3.____isimpossibletofinishthisjobbeforeWednesday.•A.ThatB.ThisC.ItD.They谓语：说明主语是什么，做什么或怎么样。由动词充当，主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。谓语动词存在多种时态，它是句子的核心。Heisverygenerous.ShelooksverysmartandcoolWehavefinishedthejob.HecanspeakGerman.谓语（predicate）:是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。•Iloveyou!•Theywenttosleepverylatelastnight.•Hepractisesrunningeverymorning.•Theplanetookoffat10o’clock.•Howoftendoyougoshopping?•Whydidn’tyoucomebacklastnight?简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成•Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.•Hehascaughtabadcough.•Wearesudents.•Thatideasoundsgreat!•复合谓语：1.情态动词\助动词+v•2.系动词+adj.•Openthedoor,please!•Goandgetsomewaterforme.•Don’tlaughatothers!•Don’tcomebacklatetonight.•祈使句：•1.省略主语you•2.谓语动词用原形找出下列句子的谓语•①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.•②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.•③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?•⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?•⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.•⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.•⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.•⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?•11.Putawayyourbooksrightnow!•按要求找出下列句子的主谓：•1.Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.（主谓）•2.Hebrokeapieceofglass.（谓）•3.Don’tgetnervous，andhelpyourselftowhatyoulike．（主谓）•4.Luckilythe1989earthquakedidnothappeninthecenteroftown.（主谓）•5.Therearemanypeopleinthehall.（主）•6.Wouldyoupleasepassmethecup?（主谓）主谓小测祈使句,省略主语you•1.Itisdifficultforme______somuchworkwithinonenight.Canyouhelpme?•A.finishB.finishing•C.tofinishD.finished•2.Johnwithtwoofhisfriends____toplaybasketballeverySundayafternoon.•A.goB.wentC.goesD.gone单选：It’sadj.forsbtodosth.做某事对某人来说是……的形式主语真正的主语tofinish•3.__upearly,oryouwillmisstheearlybus.•A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets•4.________upearlyisgoodforyourhealth.•A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets•5.Wow!Thecaketastes_______!CanIhaveonemore?•A.wellB.deliciouslyC.badD.good祈使句，谓语动词用原形动名词做主语感官动词+adj.表语：说明主语是说明或怎么样，由名词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、介词短语、句子等充当。它的位置在系动词后面。形容词作表语Youlookyoungerthanbefore.名词作表语Myfatherisateacher.副词作表语Everyoneishere.介词短语作表语Theyareatthetheatre.不定式作表语MyjobistoteachthemEnglish.动名词作表语Herjobistrainingthenurses.从句作表语Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.宾语:表示动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式、V-ing、从句充当，和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么，通常放在谓语动词后面。有时，会有双宾语。如：名词作宾语Heneverforgivesothersfortheirmistakes.代词做宾语Heoftenhelpsme.不定式作宾语Helikestosleepintheopenair.动名词作宾语TheAmericansenjoyedlivinginChina.从句做宾语Ibelievethattheycanfinishtheworkintime.直接宾语和间接宾语及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语，宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的对象。但有些动词除了直接宾语外，还需要有一个间接宾语，间接宾语表语动作是对谁做的，所以只能用名词或代词来充当。如：Webroughtthemsomefood.主谓间宾直宾间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面，但必须加to或for。宾语的补足语在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语＋宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾语。复合宾语所表达的意思相当于一个巨资的意思。名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语.名词作宾补Ifyouletmego,I’llmakeyouking.形容词作宾补Don’tmakeyourhandsdirty.副词作宾补WefoundLiMingoutwhenwearrived.介词短语作宾补Makeyourselfathome.省略to的不定式作宾补Isawagirlgointothebuilding.带to的不定式作宾补Theboyorderedthedogtoliedown.现在分词作宾补Thebosskeptthemworkingallday.过去分词作宾补Yesterdayhegothislegbroken.在英语中,常见的“宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构有：“宾语+名词”。常用于改结构的动词有：call,name,make,find,choose,think,leave等。WecallhimJack.TheymadeLiLeitheirmonitor.▲“宾语+形容词”。常见的动词有think,believe,leave,drive,make,keep,turn,wish,want等。如：Doyouthinkhisideawrong?Wemustkeepourclassroomclean.Wecan’tleavehimalone.CanyougeteverythingreadyforthepartybeforeFriday?“宾语+副词”。副词作宾补常表示宾语的状态，与宾语有逻辑上的主表关系。常见的副词有：down,up,here,there,home,in,out,anywhere等。如：Lethimin/out.Mr.Lidroveushome.Whengotthere,wefoundhimout.▲“宾语+介词短语”。介词短语作宾补常表示其逻辑主语（即宾语）所处的状态，两者有主表的关系。如：Wefoundeverythingingoodorder.Weregardhimasourgoodfriend.Heopenedthedoorandfoundsomeofhisfriendsintherain.“宾语+不定式”。充当宾补的不定式有三种：A要求带to的不定式Thecoolwaterofthelakeinvitedustoswim.B要求不带to的不定式let,make,see,hear,watch等Thebossmadetheworkerswork12hoursaday.