高考英语省略句讲解课件

省略为了使讲话和行文简洁，句中某些成分有时可省略。省略可分以下几种情况：（一）简单句中的省略1、省略主语：祈使句中主语通常省略。其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。e.g.(I)Thankyouforyourhelp.（括号内为省略的词语,下同）(I)Seeyoutomorrow.(It)Doesn’tmatter.---Howareyou?—(I’m)Fine,thanks.2、省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。e.g.(Thereis)Nosmoking.(Isthere)Anythingwrong?Why(doyou)notsayhellotohim?Readthefollowingsentencesandfindoutwhathavebeenleftout.Exercise1.Likemorebeer?___________likemorebeer?2.Haven’tseenyouforages.___________haven’tseenyouforages.3.Soundslikeagoodidea._____________soundslikeagoodidea.4.SorryIcouldn'tgo._____________sorryIcouldn'tgo.5.Doesn’tmatter.____________doesn’tmatter.WouldyouIItI’mIt3、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to。e.g.----Areyougoingthere?----I’dliketo(gothere).Hedidnotgivemethechance,thoughhehadpromisedto(givemethechance).(动词:want,wish,expect,hope,like,love,try,forget,decide,prefer,mean,intend,plan,refuse…等动词宾语。tell,ask,want,expect,warn…等动词的宾补。形容词：glad,happy,pleased,delighted,…短语：begoingto,beaboutto,beableto,haveto,usedto,oughtto,besupposedto…)否定形式的省略用notto•注意：如果该宾语是be动词或完成时态，•则须在to之后加上be或have。•e.g.----Areyouanengineer?•----No,butIwanttobe.•----Hehasn’tfinishedthetaskyet.•----Well,heoughttohave.Iaskedhimtoseethefilm，buthedidn’twantto.--Willyoujointhegame?--I’dbegladto.4、省略表语。e.g.----Areyouthirsty?----Yes,Iam(thirsty).5、感叹句根据上下文的省略。e.g.Whatawonderfulfilm(itis)!(It’s)Simplyimpossible!Howbeautiful(itis)!6、介词的省略：e.g.Theoldmanhadnodifficulty(in)findinghishouse.一些固定词组：1)haveahardtime(in)doingsth.2)wastetime(in)doingsth.,3)spend…(in)doingsth.4)prevent/stop…(from)…,bebusy(in)doing…,5)beengaged(in)doing…,6)there’snouse(in)doing…,…•Hefailed(in)thegame.•Thewarlasted(for)fouryears.但在句首或与walk等连用不可省•Comeandseeme(at)anytimeyoulike.(in,on,at,by)•Hestayed(at)homeallday.•Hewalked(for)threeli.(表示距离的状语中)•（In)Thiswayyouwillsucceed.7、名词所有格后面的名词，如果是表示住宅，店铺，教堂或者上下文已经暗示或明确指出过的事物时常省略。e.g.Athersister’s(house),shespentapleasantweekend.8、连词的省略：notonly…but(also)…,whether…(ornot),so(that)9、情态动词should的省略insist,order,command,suggest,propose,advise,demand,require,request,ask.It’snecessary/important/impossible/strange/natural/apity…10、同时省略几个成分。e.g.Let’smeetatthesameplaceas(wemet)yesterday.----Haveyoufinishedyourwork?----(Ihave)Not(finishedmywork)yet.（二）并列句中的省略两个并列分句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。e.g.Myfatherisadoctorandmymother(is)anurse.Istudyatcollegeandmysister(studies)athighschool.Theydon’tagreewithyou,neitherdoI.他们不同意你的意见，我也不同意。Shewaspoorbut(shewas)honest.她贫穷但很诚实。（三）主从复合句中的省略1、主句中有一些成分被省略。e.g.(I’m)Sorrytohearthatyouareill.(Itisa)Pitythathemissedsuchagoodchance.2、省略了一个从句或从句的一部分，用so或not（切不可用it或that）代替。•3.(1)宾语从句中的省略①以特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句中，若有与前面主句重复的内容，则可将重复内容省略，而只保留特殊疑问词。Youareunhappy.Canyoutellmewhy?②在I’mafraid,Ithink,Ibelieve,Ihope,Iguess等作答句，后面常用省略形式。---Doyouthinkitwillrain?---Iguessso.常用表达Ihopeso.我希望这样。Ihopenot我不希望这样。I’mafraidso/not.我恐怕如此/不如此Ithink/believe/guess/expect/imagine/supposeso.我认为/相信/猜/希望/想象/认为这样.Idon’tthink/believe/guess/expect/imagine/supposeso.=Ithink/believe/guess/expect/imagine/supposenot.我认为不这样。•③在宾语从句中常省略连词，但当及物动词之后跟有并列连词and连的两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个连词that可省略，后边that不能省。Hetoldme(that)shewasabeautifulgirlandthatshewasclever.•引导主语从句，同位语从句和表语从句的that不能省.4.定语从句中的省略①在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that，which，whom可省略。Heisoneoftheman(whom)Icantrust.他是我信任的人之一。Thisisthebestway(that)weshouldchoose.②修饰way或reason的关系副词that(=inwhich)或why可以省略。Thisistheway(that/inwhich)hestudies.这就是他学习的方法。Iwanttoknowthereason(why)hewaslate.我想知道他迟到的原因。③在非正式语中，关系副词when，why，代词as后面的主谓结构可省略。Hegavethesameansweras(hehadgiven)before.5.状语从句(1)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和系动词be,这时从句中可出现如下结构:①连词(as,asif,once+名词)Once(hewas)ateacher,henowworksinagovernmentoffice.②连词(though,whether,when)+形容词Workhardwhen(youare)young,oryou’llregret.③连词(when,while,though)+现在分词While(Iwas)walkingalongthestreet,Iheardmynamecalled.④连词(when,if,evenif,unless,once,until,than,as)+过去分词⑤连词(asif,asthough)+不定式Heopenedhismouthasif(hewere)tospeak.(2)当从句主语是It,谓语动词有含有系动词be时,可以把it系动词be一起省略。此时构成连词（if，unless,when，where,whenever）+形容词的结构。Unless（itis）necessary，you’dbetternotrefertothedictionary.Fillintheblankswitharticleswhere(itis)necessary.另外,我们还可以用so或not代替上文内容,此时可有if+so/not。Getupearlytomorrow.Ifnot(youdon’tgetupearly),youwillmisstheearlybus.Hemaynotbeathomethen,ifso(heisnotathome),leavehimanote.(3)在than或as…as引导的从句中,常含有一些成分在上下文清楚的情况下被省略。Hehasmadegreaterprogressthan(hedid)before/ever.Hecamehomeearlierthan(hewas)expected.Sheworksashardasyoungpeople.Tomplaysfootballaswellas,ifnotbetterthan,Jack.(=TomplaysfootballaswellasJackdoes,ifhedoesn’tplaybetterthanJackdoes.)Weshouldthinkmoreofourclassthanofourselves.I’mtallerthanshe(is).YouhatehimasmuchasI(hatehim)6.不定式符号to的省略1).两个或两个以上不定式并列，第一个带to，后面的省略to。MyjobistolookafterthechildrenandteachthemEnglish.但如果两个不定式表示对比关系时，则to不能省略。Tobefortheplanortobeagainstitdoesn’tmat赞成或反对这项计划都不要紧。2).当不定式作表语时，如果前面主语中出现实义动词do及各种形式，则不定式可省略。Whathewantstodois(to)gohome.3).感官动词(seewatchnoticehearfeellookatlistento等和使役动词（makelethave)后面作宾补的不定式要省略to.但在被动语态中要恢复to（help后的to可要可不要.eg---Isawtheboyfallfromthetree.---Theboywasseentofallfromthetree.4).介词but/except/besides前面有动词do，后面的不定式省to。Hecandonothingbutliedownandsleep.他无事可做只好躺下睡觉。7.虚拟条