Beingdone与done做状语的区别

Beingdone与done做状语的区别现在分词作状语现在分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系，否则不能用现在分词作状语。在使用现在分词时，要注意它的各种形式变化：Hearingthebell,thestudentsbegantoentertheclassroom.听见铃声，学生们开始走进教室。（听见和进入两个动作同时发生）Beingstruckbytheheavystorm,theyfelthelpless.正受到强暴雨的袭击，他们感到很无助。(strike与feel两个动作同时发生，但strike与they之间逻辑关系是被动的)Havingdonethework,hewenthome.完成了工作，他就回家了。Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.给他讲过好几回,他还是犯同样的错。分词在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。与其它非谓语动词作状语用法区别简析：1.分词在句中不作目的状语(表目的状语用不定式)。不定式作状语只在句中表目的、结果、原因、程度。2.现在分词的一般式，表示该动作与主句谓语动词同时或基本同时发生；现在分词的完成式，表示该动作先于主句谓语动作发生。过去分词表被动完成3.现在分词的一般式的被动式(即beingdone)一般只作原因状语置句首；现在分词的完成式(即havingdone;havingbeendone)在句中作时间原因状语。Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.表示时间关系的分词短语，可用when或while引出。即：when/whilewalking…Oncepublished,thisnovelwillbeverypopular.Havingworkedforfourhours,shestoppedtohavehermeal.Lostintheforest,youshouldfirstofallremainwhereyouare,waitingforhelptocome.Havingbeenallowedtotakeadayoff,hewashappytoreturn.1）现在分词作时间状语与其它非谓语动词比较2)现在分词作原因状语与其它非谓语比较：Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.Havingsmokedtoomuch,hehassufferedfromlungcancer.分词作原因状语:可置前或后,逗号隔开Havingbeenseparatedfromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.Thechildlearnsfast,wellbroughtupbyhisparents.由于受到父母良好的教育，这个孩子学得很快。Seriouslyinjured,hehadtobetakentohospital.不定式短语表原因，多用于表情绪或情感反应的动词/形容词后面:happy/glad/sad/pleased/excitedtodo3)表方式、伴随情况的状语：作伴随状语的分词表示的动作，必须是主语的另一动作，或与谓语所表示的动作(或状态)同时发生，或对谓语表示的动作(或状态)作进一步地补充说明。Hesatonthesofa,watchingTV.=Hesatonthesofa,andwatchedTV.Fourpeopleenteredtheroomlookingaroundinacuriousway.=Fourpeopleentertheroomandlookedaroundinacuriousway.(伴随动作)Theteacherstoodthere,surroundedbystudents.Shesatbythewindow,notdaringtosayaword.Hestoodthere,excitedtocheertheathleteon.他们笑着谈着走进了教室。__________________,theywentintotheclassroom.他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。(方式状语)Hestoodleaningagainstthewall.(＝Hestoodandleanedagainstthewall.)Hecamerunningbacktotellmethenews.Laughingandtalking4)非谓语动词表结果：分词表结果，是伴随谓语动词的发生而同时产生的自然而然的结果，通常放在句末，置句中前后用标点隔开；有时为突出结果，在其前面加thus。谓语动词与分词的动作是一种必然的因果关系，现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动。不定式表结果，其动作发生在谓语动词之后：1.表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的结果，不定式前常加only/never,用以强调惊讶和失望。2.用于too+adj./adv.+todo…;adj./advenough+todo…;n.+enough/enough+n.+todo…;so+adj./adv.+as+todo…;such+n.as+todo…;Heronlychildwasillathome,causingheralotoftrouble.Theywentoutinsuchbadweather,caughtinaheavyrainhalfway.Hewokeupinthemorning,tofindtheoutsideworldgreatlychanged.Whenwehurriedtothestation,onlytobetoldthatthetrainhadleft.Hejumpedoffthecliff,killedatonce.Shegottothecompanyinahurry,dismissedbythemanager.Shewentabroadnevertoreturn.Hewastooexcitednottosayafewwords.(程度)Sheisnotexperiencedenoughtotakeupthejob.Sheissolovely/suchalovelygirlastobelovedbyus.5)非谓语动词表条件比较：Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.Notaskedtospeak,youhadbetterkeepsilent.Givenmoretime,wewoulddoitmuchbetter.Seeingfromthehill,Ifindthecitymorebeautiful.Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautiful.Thechildslippedandfell,hittinghisheadagainstthedoor.7)当非谓语动词逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时,就须在非谓语前面加逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构：Iwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonmyheard．Herushedintotheroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly.所有票卖光了,他们失望离开Timepermitting,we'lldoanothertwoexercises.ItbeingSunday,westayedathomeandrelaxed.6)分词作让步状语或although,evenif/though+分词Workinghardasshedid,shestillcouldn’tsucceed.Beatenbytheoppositeteam,theplayerswerenotdiscouragedandpracticedevenharder.Thekeylost,shecouldn’tentertheroom.Somuchworktodo,Ican’tgocampingwithyou.有时也用with(without)+名词/代词宾格+分词形式Withthelightsburning,hefellasleep.点着灯睡了Withthetaskfinished,theywentouttoplay.Withthisbooktohelpyou,youcanfinishyourworkassoonaspossible.???????????????8)常见的独立成分：Judgingfrom/byhisappearance,hemustbeanactor.从外表看，他一定是个演员。generally/frankly/strictly/roughly/broadlyspeaking,一般/坦率/严格/大致/广义/说来;考虑到…:considering…,seeing…,taking…intoaccount/consideration,given+n./that-clause,allthingsconsidered,…全面考虑的话,…weather/timepermitting,时间/条件允许的话,…comparedwith/to…与…相比,assumingthat…假定tobefrank/honest/exact/sure,坦率地说/坦白说/准确地说/果然,的确;totell(you)thetruth,说实话,tocutalongstoryshort,长话短说;tobegin/startwith,首先,第一;如果:supposing/providing…,providedthat从句非谓语动词解题策略：1.根据句中是否有谓语动词，确定是否选择非谓语动词,尤其注意:1)句首选项，是祈使句或是非谓语动词开头;2)区分选项是非谓语动词，还是与其它动词并列的谓语动词。2.剖析句子结构，理清非谓语动词选项在句中充当什么句子成分、弄清其逻辑意思联系,与逻辑主语关系是主动或是被动，选定该非谓语动词形式。3.根据非谓语动词与谓语动词动作发生的先后，确定该非谓语动词用一般式或完成式。典型题解：1).句首选项，是祈使句或是非谓语开头themilk(,)andsetagoodexampletotheotherchildren.someofthisjuice——perhapsyou’lllikeit.someofthisjuice,you’lllikeit.A.DrinkB.TodrinkC.DrinkingD.Havingdrinking※有分号(;),句号(.),并列连词(and/but/or/so),破折号(——)连接，句首选项为谓语动词。逗号连接，句首选项为非谓语动词。AAC2)区分非谓语动词或是并列谓语动词gotoutofthetaxi,_____thefareanddashedintothestation.A.paidB.payingC.topayD.havingpaidthenews,herushedout,____thebook___onthetableanddisappearedintothedistance.A.left,lainopenB.leaving,lyingopenC.leaving,lieopenedD.left,layopenedAB第1题got,paid,dashed谓语动词并列;第2题leaving在此表结果,lyingopen与leave存在逻辑联系:leavesb./sth.doing…表示使某人或某物处于做…状态中3)情态动词后动词，是否与情态动词有逻辑关联：dideverythingtheycould____herlife.A.saveB.tosaveC.savingD.sa