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第四节冠词Mia一.什么是冠词冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词(theDefiniteArticle:the),另一种是不定冠词(theIndefiniteArticle:a和an),还有一种是零冠词(ZeroArticle)。不定冠词用在单数名词前,表示泛指;定冠词用在名词前,表示特指。如:abookaneggtheelephant一本书一个鸡蛋那只象1.不定冠词a,an只用在可数名词单数前,基本意思是“一个”。其中,a用在读音以辅音开头的单词前,an用在读音以元音开头的单词前。如:apenciladeskabottleanoldmananappleaneraser2.定冠词the在元音前读/i/,在辅音前读/ə/。如:inthe/i/eveninginthe/ə/morning用不定冠词ana填空1.()oldwoman2.()usefuldictionary3.()honestboy4.()ink-bottle5.()one-eyedelephant6.()exercisebook7.()yellowshirt8.()historybook9.()umbrella10.()Englishsongananananananaaaa【易错点】:⑴有些名词虽然首字母是元音字母,但发音却以辅音开头。(错)anuniversity——(正)auniversity一所大学(错)anuniform——(正)auniform一套制服⑵有些名词虽然首字母是辅音字母,但名词发音却以元音开头,这时名词前要用an。(错)ahour——(正)anhour(错)ahonestboy——(正)anhonestboy一个诚实的孩子不定冠词(a,an)的用法1)表示数量“一”,相当于one。Therearetwenty—fourhoursinaday.Therearesevendaysinaweek.2)泛指一类名词中的某一个。LiuXiangisafamousplayer.ChengLongisanactor.3)表示一类人或物。Anelephantisstrongerthanahorse.4)用于表示时间、速度、价格、重量、长度等单位名词前,表示“每一”的意思,相当于every/per.如:Mr.Greengoestothecinemaonceaweek.Thisclothis10yuanameter.1.A和An5)表示某一个人或事物,相当于some/certainIhaveawatch.Agentlemanwantstoseeyou.6)表示同样,一样thesameJohnandIareofanage.Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.7)第一次提到某人或某物,不定冠词起介绍作用。如:YesterdayIsawanoldman.He’sTom’sfather.Heisateacher.Thereisanewbookonthedesk.不定冠词的用法例题:TheWilsonslivein_____A-shapedhousenearthecoast.Itis_____17thcenturycottage.(04浙江)A.the,/B.an,theC./,theD.an,aD该句意为“威尔逊先生一家住在海边的一幢A型房子里,那是一幢十七世纪的屋子。”两处都表示“一幢“,A-shaped是元音开头,该用an;而seventeenth是辅音开头,所以该用a。2.A和An的特殊用法1)用于物质名词前,表示一种,一场,一缕,一阵,一份如:LongjingisafamousChinesegreentea.Whataheavyrain!Anicecoffeeforme.Isawasmokeinthedistance.2)用于抽象名词前表示:①表示一种,一场等例如:Translationisanart.Itwasajustwar.②表示动作的一次,一例等例如:Hewentoutforasmoke.Youhavedonemeakindness,thankyou.③表示引起某种情绪的事例如:ItisapleasuretoworkinChina.It’sanhonortomeetyou.④表示某一品质的人和事例如:Janewasagratesuccessintheplay.Insomeplaceswhitebreadisaluxury.3)用于专有名词前①表示某一个或一个叫…….的人AMrJohnsonphonedandleftamessageforyou.②表示与之相似的人或物例如:HewishestobeanEdison.③表示民族,社团,家庭中的一员或是某人创作的作品之一。例如:IfoundaQiBaishiinasecond—handbookshop.I’maHanandmywifeisaMiao.不定冠词的特殊考查要点11(2006.I)-Hello,couldIspeaktoMr.Smith?-Sorry,wrongnumber.Thereisn’t____Mr.Smithhere.2(2004)-John,thereis____Mr.Wilsononthephoneforyou.-I’minthebath.A./B.aC.theD.one1、不定冠词放在姓名前=acertain,意为“某一(个)”。B例题:(2008年广东省汕头市)_____youngestleaderinChinais___mancalledLuHao.A.The;aB.A;theC.A;aD.An;allA4)表示世界上独一无二的事物时用__________,但名词前如有________修饰,则用____________.定冠词the形容词不定冠词a/anEg:_____sun___risingsunthea5)在季节、月份、日期、三餐饭、星期几等名词之前,不加冠词;但如果这些名词前有形容词修饰,则需要加冠词。如:haveabigbreakfastThishappenedonaSundayinjuly.Mygrandfatherdiedintheautumn/Mayof1976.6)ThisisthemostinterestingbookIhaveeverread.amost后接“形容词+单数可数名词”时,most为程度副词,表示“非常”,意义上类似于veryThisisamostinterestingbook.这是一本非常有趣的书。返回目录After________quickbreakfastintherestaurant,Petersetaboutthetaskoffindingaroomwherehecouldlivefor________nextfewmonths.A.不填;aB.a;theC.a;aD.a;不填不定冠词【解析】名词breakfast,lunch,supper前面通常不用冠词,但其前面有定语修饰时可加冠词,如awonderfullunch。thenextfew…表示特指的“随后几个……”【答案】B7)thesecond(third…);asecond(third…)序数词前用定冠词时,强调顺序的排列。如:Iliveonthesecondfloor.序数词前用不定冠词时,表示“又一;再一”(another),其“顺序”的语气很弱,它强调程度。如:Althoughhehadfailedthreetimes,hedidn’tgiveup.Hestoodupagainandtriedafourthtime.不定冠词的特殊考查要点2Johnhadmadeuphismindtogiveitup,buton___secondthoughthedeterminedtotry____thirdtime.A./;aB./;/C.a;aD.the;a2、不定冠词放在序数词前表“再一,又一”。C8).表示乐器的名词前,一般要加__________,但如果名词前加了_____修饰,则用___________.定冠词the定语不定冠词如:Hepractisesplaying___violineveryday.Heisplaying___borrowedviolin.thea9)用在习惯用语中例如:alittle/afew/alot/atypeof/apile/agreatmany/manya/asarule/inahurry/inaminute/inaword/inashortwhile/afterawhile/haveacold/haveatry/keepaneyeon/allofasudden/ataloss/inaway/atatime/asamatteroffact/haveagoodtime/ataglance/havearest/例题Mrs.Taylorhas_____8-year-olddaughterwhohas_____giftforpainting—shehaswontwonationalprizes.(05浙江卷)A.a;aB.an;theC.an;aD.the;aC“Taylor夫人有一个在绘画方面极有天赋的八岁的女儿,她已经两次获得全国大奖了。”eight是元音开头,所以该用an;而后面的haveagiftfor为一短语,表示“在…方面有天赋”,故答案为C。1.quite,rather,such,what与单数名词连用,冠词放在其后。即:What/such/rather/quite/half+a/an+单数名词例如:Heisratherafool.----Whatdidyouthinkoftheconcert?------Oh,itwasquiteasuccess.Whatabraveboyheis!不定冠词的位置2.不定冠词用在so,as.too,how+adj之后即:So/as/too/how+adj+a/an+单数名词例如:Sheisascleveragirlasyoucanwishtomeet.It’stoodifficultabookforus.Howbraveaboyheis!不定冠词的位置例题______rolesheplayedinthefilm!NowondershehaswonanOscar.(2002上海春)A.HowinterestingB.HowaninterestingC.WhatinterestingD.WhataninterestingD不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。但位于下列形容词之后:such,what,many,如:Ihaveneverseensuchananimal.Manyamanisfitforthejob.例题Wewerein________whenweleftthatweforgottheairlinetickets.(2003上海)A.arushsoanxiousB.asuchanxiousrushC.soananxiousrushD.suchananxiousrushD当名词前的形容词被副词as,so,too,how,修饰时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后:ItisaspleasantadayasIhaveeverspent.soshortatime.toolongadistance.典型例题﹙﹚1.Johnis___honestboy.A.aB.anC.不填﹙﹚2.Ihave__pencil,__pencilisgreen.A.atheB.theaC.aan﹙﹚3.Let’shave___restfor___while.A.aaB.atheC.不填aBAA4._____elephantis______usefulanimal.AAnanBAnaCThean5.Hisauntwillbebackin_______hour.AaBanCthe6.Ihave____importantmeetingtoa
本文标题:不定冠词课件
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