高考英语专题复习-时态语态讲解及练习

第1页共7页时态语态及一般用法谓语构成时间状语特殊用法一般现在时：1)经常性或习惯性的动作2)现在的特征，状态及能力3)普遍真理,格言警句Be(am,is,are)do/doesalways,usually,everytime,seldom,sometimesoften,nowandthen,occasionally1)按火车、汽车、飞机等时刻表将要发生的事2)在时间、条件、方式状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。特殊句型:1)Here/Therecomesourteacher.(一般现在时表正发生动作)2)Itis/hasbeen+时段+since….am/is/aredone一般过去时：表示过去发生的，和现在无联系的动作或状态或习惯动作be(was,were)didyesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982,justnowwas/weredone一般将来时：将来某个时刻（或某段时间内）将来要发生的动作will/shalldoam/is/aregoingtodoam/is/aretodoam/is/areabouttodonext…,tomorrow,in+时段，fromnowon,inthefuture,1）一般将来时可用来表示一种倾向或习惯性动作.eg.Oilwillfloatonwater.Wheneverhehastime,hewillcome.其否定式表示“不能…没法…”Themachinewon’twork.(机器没法开动)2）Cf:begoingto表示说话前已经作出的主观的打算或计划，或用来表达有某种迹象要发生的事willdo表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性betodo表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发生的动作。beabouttodo“正要干什么…”，表示即将发生的动作，不与表示将来的时间状语连用。常与when连用，when意为：“就在这时”，是并列连词构成句will/shallbedonewould/shouldbedonewas/weregoingtobedone第2页共7页高考英语二轮时态语态一览表及练习时态、语态及一般用法：谓语构成时间状语特殊用法：现在完成进行时：have/hasbeendoingalldaylong,thewholemorning,for+时段表示现在以前这段时间内一直在进行或反复的动作.(可能仍在进行，也可能停了一会儿.)1）Howlonghasitbeenraining?2）I’vebeensittinghereallday.have/hasbeenbeingdone将来完成时表将来某时已发生的动作.Ishallhavefinisheditbeforelunch.Thenewbuildingwill/shallhavedonebegoingtohavedoneby+将来时间.有时也用来表揣测.Theywillhavearrivedbynow.Weworkedtogetherforayear.Hewon’thaveforgottenme.will/shallhavebeendonebegoingtohavebeendone型：…beabouttodo…when…现在完成时:1．表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，有时没有时间状语，有时有时间状Theyhavecleanedtheclassroom.(Theycleanedtheclassroomanditiscleannow.)2．表示过去已经开始，持续到现在而且可能继续下去的动作状态。Hehasn’tgivenmeanymoretroublesincethen.have/hasdonefor+时段,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepast(…)years,always,recently特殊句型:1)It’sthefirsttimethat…(have/hasdone).2)Ithasbeen/is+时间段+since….ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.3)短暂性动词的完成时不与时间段连用,如需连用可转化成相应的延续性动词,如die—bedead,leave—beaway,comeback–beback,fallinlovewith---beinlovewith,marry—bemarriedto,join–beamemberof/bein…Hehasdied.Hehasbeendead3years.(Hedied3yearsago.)have/hasbeendone第3页共7页willhavebeencompletedbytheendofAugust.过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。haddone…before,by,until,when,after,oncebytheendof+过去时间1）用于hardly…when;nosooner…than…（一….就…）等句子中。Hardlyhadwearrivedwhenshestartedcomplaining.2）hope,thinkexpect,intend,mean,suppose,want,imagine等，用于过去完成时，表示过去未实现的希望或意图。Ihadhopedtotakemyseatinallthisnoisewithoutbeingfound.我本希望乘着这些噪音不被发现地坐到位置上。（但实际上未实现）3)Itisthefirsttime+从句（从句用现在完成时have/hasdone）；Itwasthefirsttime+从句（用过去完成时haddone）。eg.ItisthefirsttimethatI’vebeenhere.Itwasthefirsttimethathehadeverspokentomeinsuchatune.4)用于对过去假设的虚拟语气中的从句。IfIhadknownhistelephonenumberyesterday,Iwouldhavecalled5)bythetime+从句（用一般过去时）作状语，主句用过去完成时Wehadfinishedtheworkbylastmonth(bythetimehecame.)hadbeendone现在进行时：1．表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。2．表示现阶段一直在进行的动作，但说话时不am/is/aredoingthesedays,nowadays,atpresent,atthemoment,now1)下列动词用现在进行时可以表示将来很快要发生的动作，即一般将来时。如：go,come,leave,begin,arrive,return,fly,drive，take等。We’removingtothenewbuildingnextweek.2)下列副词always,continually,constantly,never等常一般现在时连用，但若用于进行时则表示厌恶或赞扬的感情色彩。Youarealwaysforgettingtheimportantthings.3．无进行时态的动词：表“存在、所有、知觉、认为，感情”等状态存在：keep,stay,remain,be,consistof,containam/is/arebeingdone第4页共7页一定正在进行。①Idon’treallyworkhere.I’mhelpinguntilthenewsecretarycomes.所有：have,belongto,possess,own,hold知觉：sound,look/seem/appear,smell,taste,feel,see,hear认识:understand,know,suppose,remember,admit,forget,believe情感：like,love,hate,prefer,过去进行时：1．表示过去某一时间正进行的动作。通常有时间状语（从句），或由上下文表示。Theteachercameinwhentheyweretalking.was/were+doingatthattime,then,thistimeyesterdaylastweek,at10o’clocklastnight１．Hope,want,wonder等的过去进行时用来提出请求，表示委婉的语气，实际表示现在的情况．Iwashopingyoucouldsendmesomemoneystamps.(Ihope…)2.come,go,plan,expect,hope,intend,lookforwardto等词可用进行时表达本来打算做实际没做成的事Hewasexpectingtofinishtheworklastmonth,butthemachinewentwrong.3.在口语中过去进行时可表示最近刚刚过去的事情_--Whatdidyousay?--Iwasaskingwhatyouthoughtofit.was/were+being+doneExercises:1.Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology_____sorapidly.A.ischangingB.haschangedC.willhavechangedD.willchange2.IwonderwhyJenny____usrecently.Weshouldhaveheardfromherbynow.A.hasn’twrittenB.doesn’twriteC.won’twriteD.hadn’twritten3.–Excuseme,sir.Wouldyoudomeafavor?--Ofcourse.Whatisit?--I____ifyoucouldtellmehowtofilloutthisform.A.hadwonderedB.waswonderingC.wouldwonderD.didwonder4.---____DavidandVicky____married?---Foraboutthreeyears.A.Howlongwere;beingB.Howlonghave;gotC.Howlonghave;beenD.Howlongdid;get5.Nowthatsheisoutofjob,Lucy____goingbacktoschool,butshehasn’tdecidedyet.第5页共7页A.hadconsideredB.hasbeenconsideringC.consideredD.isgoingtoconsider6.They____ontheprogramforalmostoneweekbeforeIjoinedthem,andnowwe____onitasnogoodresultshavecomeoutsofar.A.hadbeenworking;arestillworkingB.hadworked;werestillworkingC.haveworked;werestillworkingD.haveworked;arestillworking7.Whentheoldman_____towalkbacktohishouse,thesun____itselfbehindthemountain.A.started;hadalreadyhiddenB.hadstarted;hadalreadyhiddenC.hadstarted;eashidingD.wasstarted;hid8.Scientiststhinkthatthecontinents____alwayswherethey____today.A.aren’t;areB.aren’t;wereC.weren’t;areD.weren