词类转化——抽象名词

不可数名词1动词转化形成的抽象名词（1）用-tion作结尾的动词抽象名词意义actaction动作constructconstruction建筑educateeducation教育imagineimagination想象力organizeorganization组织solvesolution解决addaddition加createcreation创造explainexplanation解释admireadmiration钦佩selectselection选择（2）用-sion作结尾的动词抽象名词意义动词抽象名词意义decidedecision决定discussdiscussion讨论omitomission省略dividedivision划分admitadmission承认permitpermission允许（3）用-ment作结尾的动词抽象名词意义advertiseadvertisement广告amuseamusement娱乐astonishastonishment惊讶employemployment职业，雇用Improveimprovement改良movemovement移动，运动treattreatment款待agreeagreement同意argueargument辩论developdevelopment发展enjoyenjoyment享受judgejudgment审判punishpunishment惩罚（4）用-ance或-ence作结尾的动词抽象名词意义acceptacceptance接受appearappearance出现disobeydisobedience不服从obeyobedience服从provideprovidence提供differdifference区别existexistence存在preferpreference偏爱occuroccurrence发生（5）用-ing作结尾的动词抽象名词意义beginbeginning开始readreading阅读feelfeeling感情writewriting写作（6）其他动词抽象名词意义arrivearrival到达complaincomplaint诉苦diedeath死亡dodeed行为growgrowth生长knowknowledge知识loseloss损失breathebreath呼吸pleasepleasure愉快proposeproposal提议seesight视觉speakspeech演说bearbirth诞生conquerconquest征服discoverdiscovery发现failfailure失败hatehatred仇恨livelife生命，生活believebelief信念，信仰marrymarriage结婚proveproof证明robrobbery抢劫sellsale卖succeedsuccess成功thinkthought思想trytrial试验，审讯注意：有些抽象名词与动词同形。动词抽象名词意义decreasedecrease减少hopehope希望sleepsleep睡觉experienceexperience经验increaseincrease增加studystudy学习exerciseexercise操练lovelove爱wonderwonder惊奇fearfear恐惧quarrelquarrel争吵2由形容词转化形成的抽象名词（1）用-ness作结尾的形容词抽象名词意义carelesscarelessness粗心eagereagerness渴望faithfulfaithfulness忠实frankfrankness坦白happyhappiness幸福illillness疾病lazylaziness懒惰politepoliteness礼貌sicksickness病uselessuselessness无用clevercleverness聪明emptyemptiness空虚foolishfoolishness愚蠢greatgreatness伟大idleidleness懒散kindkindness亲切meanmeanness卑鄙sweetsweetness甜蜜ruderudeness粗鲁（2）用-th作结尾的形容词抽象名词意义broadbreath宽阔deaddeath死亡deepdepth深度healthyhealth健康longlength长度strongstrength力量truetruth真理warmwarmth温暖widewidth广阔youngyouth青年（3）用-ty作结尾的形容词抽象名词意义ableability能力cruelcruelty残忍difficultdifficulty困难generousgenerosity慷慨impossibleimpossibility不可能poorpoverty贫穷purepurity纯洁realreality真实socialsociety社会stupidstupidity愚蠢beautifulbeauty美丽curiouscuriosity好奇心equalequality平等honesthonesty诚实necessarynecessity需要possiblepossibility可能rapidrapidity迅速safesafety安全specialspecialty专长vainvanity空虚用-ce作结尾的形容词抽象名词意义absentabsence缺席diligentdiligence勤勉elegantelegance优雅ignorantignorance无知innocentinnocence无罪justjustice正义presentpresence出席differentdifference差别distantdistance距离excellentexcellence优秀importantimportance重要intelligentintelligence聪明，智慧patientpatience忍耐silentsilence寂静（5）其他形容词抽象名词意义freefreedom自由carefulcare小心mercifulmercy仁慈hotheat热honorablehonor光荣terribleterror恐怖hungryhunger饥饿dangerousdanger危险easyease安心luckyluck好运hardhardship艰难wisewisdom聪明joyfuljoy快乐highheight高度comfortablecomfort舒适valuablevalue价值angryanger愤怒industriousindustry勤勉courageouscourage勇气noisynoise噪音bravebravery勇敢3由个体名词转化而来的抽象名词名词抽象名词意义manmanhood成年期childchildhood孩提时代boyboyhood少年时代girlgirlhood少女时代neighborneighborhood附近的地方friendfriendship友谊infantinfancy幼年期kingkingdom王国