高中英语外研版必修三语法-不定式-Infinitive-讲解-练习

不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/nevertodo”,不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式一.结构:todo(否定)not/nevertodo二.时态与语态主动语态被动语态一般式进行式完成式完成进行式不定式todotobedonetobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendonetohavebeendoing--------------------(1).Iamsorrytohearthat.Iplantoattendthemeetingtobeheldtommorrow.(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时或发生在它之后.)(进行式表示在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)(3).Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.Theroomseemstohavebeencleanedalready.(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)(4).sheissaidtohavebeenwritingthenovelsformanyyears.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)1.作主语2.作宾语3.作宾语补足语4.作定语5.作状语6.作表语7.作独立成分8.与疑问词等连用不定式可以作以下句子成分：三.用法/功能Toseeistobelieve.It’simportantforustolearnEnglishwell.Itiskindofyoutohelpme.(1).主语•单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数•若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式置后.Myjobtohelpthepatient.Yourtasktocleantheclassroom.isis(2).表语3.Allyouhavetodois(to)finishthejobquickly.2.Myjobistohelpthepatients.（2）作表语不定式常用在系动词be,seem,appear,get,remain等后作表语．如果主语部分有实义动词do的任何形式，用作表语的不定式可省略toIwanttogohome.Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain.(3)宾语think/consider/findit+adj.+todo常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：hope,refuse,learn,setoutchoose,decide,agree,manage,pretend,plan.不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.(1).Shecoulddonothingbutcry.(2).Ihavenochoicebuttogo.(3).Whatdoyouliketodobesidessleep.Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.(4).宾补五看watchseelookatobserve/notice三使letmakehave二听listentohear一感觉:feel半帮助help以下动词作宾语补足语省略toIhavesomethingtosay.Hehasalotofhomeworktodo.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.(5).定语1.当名词被thefirst,thelast,theonly等词以及形容词最高级修饰时,常用动词不定式做定语。eg:Sheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.•2.不定式作定语时，作后置定语Ihavealotofworktodo.我有很多工作要做。Heisalwaysthefirsttocome.他总是第一个来。Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.我们都有上大学的机会。eg:Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.(6)作状语1.表示目的:to/inorderto/soastoIcameheretoseeyou.Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain.2.表示原因不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语,sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,foolish,right,wrong,slow,quick,rude,cruel,disappointed等。eg:I’mglad/pleasedtoseeyou.Weweresurprisedtohearthenews.3.结果状语:….onlytodoadj./adv.+enough+todotoo+adv./adj.+todo③Wehurriedtothestationonlytofindthetrainhadleft.Thechildisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.Thechildistooyoungtogotoschool.①②(8)不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.他不知道说什么。(宾语)Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.如何解决这个问题很重要。(主语)Myquestioniswhentostart.我的问题是什么时候开始。(表语)几对易混淆的词组：stoptodosth.停止去做某事doingsth.停止正在做．．．forgettodosth.忘记去做．．．doingsth.忘记已做了．．．remembertodosth.记得去做．．．doingsth.记得曾经做．．．1.Shesaidshe___heruncleverymuchandhoped____him.A.missed,tohearfromB.missed,tohearC.misses,hearingfromD.misses,hearing2.______aliving,shehadtoworkfrommorningtillnight.A.TomakeB.madeC.MakingD.Tohavemade3.MrsBrownregretted____hisson.A.beatedB.beatingC.beatD.beaten4.Ioftenhearhim___aboutthegreatwriter.A.totalkB.talkC.speakingD.totell5.Missingthelastbusmeans___home.A.towalkB.walkingC.walkedD.walk8.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim__.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donot9.--Ididn’thearyoucomeinlastnight.--That’sgood.Wetried___noisy.A.nottoB.tobenotC.tobeD.nottobe10.--IhearthatyouandFranciswillspendyourvacationinNepalnextspring.--Yes,weareplanning_____.A.toB.tobeC.itD.todoit12.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.—Oh,Iforgot______.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff1.—Thelastone_______paysthemeal.—Agreed!A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving2.ThereisnothingmoreIcantry______youtostay,soIwishyougoodluck.A.beingpersuadedB.persuadingC.tobepersuadedD.topersuade3.Myparentshavealwaysmademe____aboutmyself,evenwhenIwastwelve.A.feelingwellB.feelinggoodC.feelwellD.feelgood12.Theteacheraskedus_____somuchnoise.A.don'tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomakeGrammar1-6.Exercise(5m).Answers:1.Itisdangeroustobetravelingduringasandstorm.2.Expertshopetolearnmoreaboutthemovementofthunderstorms.3.Weweretoldnottoleavethehouse.4.Theworkonthehouseneedstobecompleted(thework)bytheendoftheweek.5.Mosthousesseemtohavebeendestroyedbythestorm.Grammar1-7.Exercise(5m)Answers:1.Itisfrighteningtobeworkingintheroadinasandstorm.IhopeIreachhomesoon.2.Expertshopetolearnmoreaboutthemovementofsandstorms.3.I’dliketobetoldaboutthesituationbeforenow.4.Theworkneedstobecompletedbytheendoftheweek.5.Myfatherwasoutofthecitywhenthesandstormcame.Hewasverygladtohavemissedit.6.Thebuildinghastobefinishedbytheendoftheyear.7.Toseearealsandstormwasveryfrightening.1.LastsummerItookacourseon____.A.howtomakedressesB.howdressesbemadeC.howtobemadedressesD.howdressestobemade2.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_____inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects3.Therearefivepairs____,butIamatalosswhichtobuy.AtobechosenBtochoosefromCtochooseDforchoosing5.Iwouldlove___tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegone6.____lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept4.Ifindtheseproblemsareeasy___.A.tobeworkedoutB.toworkthemoutC.toworkoutD.tobeworkedthemout7.Tomkeptquie