英语基本成分和基本句型-

句子成分主语谓语表语宾语补语同位语定语状语（1）Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（2）WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（3）One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（4）Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（5）Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（6）Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（7）WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（8）Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.一.主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）（主语从句）（形式主语）1.简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。Eg:Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2.复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。Eg:Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.HeiswatchingTV.二.谓语谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。（1）Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday.（2）Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.（4）Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.三.宾语宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于vt.和prep.后面。（名词）（代词）（名词化形容词）（5）Hepretendednottoseeme.（6）Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（7）Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（不定式）（宾语从句）（动名词）（1）OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（2）Isityours?（3）Theweatherhasturnedcold.（4）Thespeechisexciting.（5）Threetimessevenistwentyone?四.表语表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词之后。（名词）（代词）（形容词）（分词）（数词）（6）HisjobistoteachEnglish.（7）Hishobbyisplayingfootball.（8）Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（9）Timeisup.Theclassisover.（10）Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（不定式）（动名词）（介词短语）（副词）（表语从句）（1）Guilinisabeautifulcity.（2）Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（3）Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.（4）Openyourmouth.五.定语定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，译为‘‘……的’’。（形容词）（分词）（名词）（代词）（5）Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（6）Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（7）HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（8）Helosthisnewpenthatwasboughtlastweek.（不定式短语）（动名词）（介词短语）（定语从句）定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。注：1、复合不定代词（something/nothing）之后；2、不定式/分词短语/从句作定语时要放在被修饰的成分后；3、副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。（1）Lighttravelsmostquickly.（2）Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（3）Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（4）Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（5）Waitaminute.（6）Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.六.状语状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，通常放在动词之后。（副词及副词性词组）（介词短语）（不定式短语）（分词短语）（名词）（状语从句）（1）Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?（2）Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（3）Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.（4）MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（5）Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.状语的种类（时间状语）（原因状语）（条件状语）（地点状语）（方式状语）（6）Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（7）Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.（8）Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（9）Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（10）Iamtallerthanheis.状语的种类（伴随状语）（目的状语）（结果状语）（让步状语）（比较状语）七.补语补语是用来补充说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分。一般分为主语补足语和宾语补足语。（1）Weelectedhimchairman.（2）Hesleptlastnightwiththelighton.（3）Theyshouldkeepthesethingsinthebox.（4）Weimaginehimtobealiar.（5）Theywasthoughtratherclever.(名词)(副词)(介词短语)(不定式)(形容词)八.同位语对句子中某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面名词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。同位语通常置于被说明的词之后。（1）Cixi,ourhometown,isabeautifulcity.（2）TheyeachlikeEnglish.（3）Areyouthreereadytostartout?（4）Wordcamethatthekingdied.（名词）（代词）（数词）（同位语从句）1.Youwilltellyourfriendthatyou’vegottoschool.2.Butasthemoongavefartoomuchlight,Ididn’tdareopenawindow.3.Anothertimefivemonthsago,Ihappenedtobeupstairsatduskwhenthewindowwasopen.4.Thedark,rainyevening,thewind,thethunderingcloudsheldmeentirelyintheirpower.操练：划分句子成分1.Youwilltell（your）friendthatyou’vegottoschool.2.But[asthemoongavefartoomuchlight],Ididn’tdareopenawindow.3.[Anothertimefivemonthsago],IhappenedtobeUpstairs[atdusk](whenthewindowwasopen).4.The(dark,rainy)evening,thewind,thethunderingCloudsheldme[entirely]intheirpower.主语谓语间宾定语直接宾语原因状语主语谓语宾语时间状语主语谓语时间状语定语定语主语谓语宾语状语状语操练：划分句子成分指出画线部分在句子中所充当的成分：TomostChinesebasketballfans,YaoMing’sretirementisabigdisappointment.Yao,aherointheirhearts,hasmadegreatcontributiontothedevelopmentofChinesebasketballandmadeitthemostfavoritesportinChina.Nowwecanonlywishhimagoodfuture.英语基本句型英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）基本句型一：Ｓ+Ｖi（主＋谓）1.Thesun│rose.2.Who│cares?3.Whathesaid│doesnotmatter.4.They│talkedforhalfanhour.5.Thepen│writessmoothly.6.Aftervisitingsomeplaces,we│weresinginganddancingintheopenarea.基本句型二：Ｓ+Ｖt+Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）1.Who│knows│theanswer?2.He│hasrefused│tohelpthem.3.He│enjoys│reading.4.He│said│Goodmorning.5.He│admits│thathewasmistaken.基本句型三：Ｓ+Ｖ+ｏ+Ｏ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）1.She│ordered│herself│anewdress.2.2.He│brought│you│adictionary.3.I│showed│him│mypictures.4.I│told│him│thatthebuswaslate.5.He│showed│me│howtorunthemachine.基本句型四：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。Thewarmadehimasoldier.Newmethodsmakethejobeasy.Ioftenfindhimatwork.Theteacheraskthestudentstoclosethewindows.Isawacatrunningacrosstheroad.Whohadthewindowbroken?1.This│is│anEnglish-Chinesedictionary.2.Thedinner│smells│good.3.He│fell│inlove.4.Everything│looks│different.5.He│isgrowing│tallandstrong.6.Ourwell│hasgone│dry.7.Hisface│turned│red.基本句型五：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋系＋表）Therearesomebooksonthedesk.Therecameshoutsforhelpfromtheriver.Therestandsabigtreeonthetopofthemountain.come,stand,live,exist,*Therebe结构：Therebe表示“存在、有”，此结构后跟名词，表示“（存在）有某事物”。除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。下面以基本句型五（s+v