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名词1.noun名词就是表示人,事物,地点或抽象概念的名称的词1.专有名词2.普通名词个体名词:表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun,tent,chef,engineer,laundry集体名词:表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family,public,cattle,government,people,police物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air,coffee,fire,iron,furniture抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:impotance,thought,love,respect,truth不可数名词可数名词名词就是表示人,事物,地点或抽象概念的名称的词抽象名词不可数,但在一些固定词组中,可用作可数名词:haveacold,havearest物质名词不可数,但表示具体的东西时,则变可数,意思也改变:chickenVSachickenroomVSaroom专有名词Propernouns1.表示人名DavidBeckham,Mr.Brown,ChairmanMao,DoctorLin2.表示国名,地名,河流名和山峰名Korea,LosAngels,Chinatown,PacificOcean,Mississippi,Mt.Qomolangma3.表示团体、机构MuseumofPostalHistory,SydneyOperaHouse4.表示时间名Wednesday,March,LabourDay,Father’sDay5.由普通名词构成的专有名词theNorthPole,theRiverNile,theBund,theWhiteHouse,theTempleofHeaven人名前若有尊称或头衔,第一个字母也要大写这时的专有名词前要用定冠词the,但它不大写首字母第一个字母必须大写可数名词的复数变化(规则)Video1Video2Video3Let’shaveasummary.情况加法例词一般情况以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词以辅音+y结尾的词以辅音+o结尾的词以f或fe结尾的词加-s加-es去y加-ies多数加-es把f/fe改成vesbrothers;schoolsbuses;watches;dishesladies;countriesheroes;mangoeshalves;leaves可数名词的复数变化(规则)其它名词复数的规则变化1)以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数。例如:monkey---monkeysholiday---holidays2)以o结尾的名词,变复数时:a.加s,如:photo---photos,piano---pianosb.加es,如:potato—potatoestomato--tomatoesc.上述a和b两种方法均可,如zero---zeros/zeroes名词复数的规则变化3)以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时:a.加s,如:belief--beliefs,roof--roofs,chief--chiefs,safe--safesb.去f,fe加ves,妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷吓得发了慌,躲在架后保己命,半片树叶遮目光。即:wives,knives,wolves,thieves,shelves,selves,lives,halves,leaves。c.上述a和b两种方法均可,如handkerchief:handkerchiefs/handkerchieves。名词复数的不规则变化WatchaVideoLet’shaveasummary.名词复数的不规则变化名词复数的不规则变化:1)元音发生变化foot---feettooth---teethmouse---micegoose---geeseman---menwoman---women注意:由一个词加man或woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women,anEnglishman--twoEnglishmenmilkmen,policewomen,sportsmen但German--Germans2)单复数同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,yuan,但除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。adollar--twodollars;ameter--twometers3)词尾发生变化child---childrenox---oxen4)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数,如people,police,cattle,government等错:apeople,apolice,acattle对:aperson,apoliceman,aheadofcattle5)有些名词只有复数形式,如:glasses,trousers,clothes等,若表达具体数目,要借助数量词pairapairofglasses;twopairsoftrousers6)复合名词的复数形式:把复合词中起主导作用的主体名词变为复数形式,如果没有主体名词,就把最后一个词变复数,如:grown-ups,tooth-brushes,passers-by,story-tellers,sons-in-law☆men-doctors,women-teachers1.不可数名词的确切数量的表达方式apieceofadvice,twotubesoftoothpastethreebagsofrice,fourcartonsofmilkfivekilosofmeat☆一些可数名词也可用单位词表示量:aboxofmatches,abowlofbeans2.不可数名词的不确切数量的表达方式not(any)/no,little,alittle/some,alotof,lotsof,plentyof,much,agreatdealof,most,allFortunately,Ihadalittletimetospare.Doyouhavemuchmoneytotravel?不可数名词的量不可数名词的数量的表达方式词类不可数可数例词意义例词意义物质名词用作可数名词时,常表示个体概念,前面可用不定冠词Paperteabeercoffeeglass纸茶啤酒咖啡玻璃apaperateaabeeracoffeeaglass报纸;试卷;论文一杯茶一杯啤酒一杯咖啡一个玻璃杯表示不同种类或表示比原意范围更广的意义时,可以作复数用fruitsand水果沙,沙子Fruitssands各种各样的水果沙地,沙滩不可数名词变可数名词Howabouthavingsomecoffee?Twocoffees,please.语法精讲词类不可数可数例词意义例词意义抽象名词difficultyexperiencefailureknowledge困难经验失败知识adifficultyanexperienceafailurehaveagoodknowledgeof一件难事一次经历一位失败者,一件失败事对……懂Heisafailureasadoctor.HehasagoodknowledgeofEnglish.Exercise:(1)—Let’stryoperatingthemachinerightnow.—Wait.Betterreadthe________first.A.InstructionsB.explanationsC.informationD.introduction(2)Wehaveeveryreasontobelievethat________2008BeijingOlympicGameswillbe________success.A./;aB.the;/C.the;aD.a;a(3)—Bringme________,please.—Howwouldyoulikeit,blackorwhite?A.coffeeB.acoffeeC.thecoffeeD.coffeesthank
本文标题:英语名词概述1
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