八年级下册英语语法总结

八年级下册英语语法总结Unit6FunCyclingTopic1We’regoingonaspringfieldtrip一.重点词汇(一)词形转换:1.discuss(名词)discussion2.queen(对应词)king3.comfortable(名词)comfort4.safely(形容词)safe(名词)safety(二)词的辨析1.findout/lookfor/find2.cost/payfor/spendon3.other/else4.raise/rise5.each/every6.exciting/excited(三)重点词组:1.goonavisitto去……旅行2.makethedecision做决定3.bringback带回4.goonafieldtrip去野外旅行5.decideon(upon)sth对某事做出决定6seethesunrise看日出7.makeareservation预订8.comeupwith想出（主意）9.lookforwardto(doing)sth期望10.payfor支付；赔偿11.raisemoney筹钱12.bookaticket订票13.makearoomforsb为……订房间14.haveawonderfultime玩得愉快15.inthedaytime在白天16.atwo-dayvisit为期两天的旅行17.findout查出18.someplacesofinterest名胜19.roomswithbathtub带浴室的房间20．ahard(soft)sleeper硬（软）卧21.mypleasure不客气二．重点句型及重点语言点1.Ihavesomeexcitingnewstotellyou.我有一些激动人心的消息要告诉你们。totellyou是动词不定式短语，作定语。动词不定式作定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。如：Ihavenothingtotalkabout.Hehasalotofworktodo.2.Soundsgreat!=Itsoundsgreat!听起来不错。3.Wewillgoonatwo-dayvisittoMountTai.我们将要去泰山玩两天。goonavisitto去参观/旅游TheywenttoavisittoEgyptlastyear.类似有：goonatrip/goonapicnicatwo-dayvisit为期两天的旅行atwo-monthholiday两个月的假期aneighteen-year-oldboy一个18岁的男孩4．It’shardtosay.这很难说。Tosay是动词不定式作主语，It是形式主语。如：It’snicetomeetyou.5.I’llasktheairlineonthephone.我将打电话问问航空公司。同义句是：I’llphoneandasktheairline.6.Bringbackyourinformationtoclasstomorrowandwe’lldecideonthebestwaytogoonourfieldtrip.明天把你们查到的信息带到班上来，然后我们来决定最好的郊游方式。bringback带回。Pleasebringbackyourlibrarybookstomorrow.decideon/uponsth决定，选定We’retryingtodecideonaschool.7.It’stoofarforcycling.骑自行车去路太远了。同义句是：It’toofartocyclethere.8.HowlongdoesittaketoreachMountTaiby…？乘……去泰山要花多长时间？9．Howmuchdoesitcosttogothere?去那里要花多少钱？Howmuchdoesastandardroomcost?一个标准间的价格是多少？10.Wehaveticketsat120yuanforthehardsleeperand180yuanforthesoftsleeper.我们的票价是硬卧120元，软卧是180元。at意为“以……”，一般用于表示价格，年龄，速度等词的前面，for意为“供，适合于”。I’vegotticketsat80yuanforTheSoundofMusic.11.I’dliketobook20ticketsforthehardsleeper.我要预订20张硬卧票。20ticketsforthehardsleeper=20hardsleeperticketsbooktickets预订票bookaroomforsb/sth为……预订房间e.g.Wewanttobooksomeroomsfor14th.我们想预订一些14号的房间。12．Pleasepayfortheticketsbefore5:30p.m.请在下午5：30之前付款。Payfor支付payforsbtodosth付钱给某人做某事e.g.HerparentspaidforhertogotoAmerica.她的父母支付她去美国的费用.13.Iwanttomakeahotelreservation.我想预订房间。makeareservation预订14.Wehaveroomswithabathtub…我们有带浴缸……的房间。with有或带着ahousewithaswimmingpoolastandardroomwithtwosinglebeds15.It’sverycommontoraisemoneyinCanadianandAmericanschools.在加拿大和美国的学校里筹钱是很正常的。raisemoney筹钱Wecanraisethemoneyourselves.16.Itcostseachstudentonedollartobuyaticketforthedraw.每一个学生花一美元便可买到一张抽奖的票。(1)each作主语，谓语用单数Eachofthestudentsspendsonedollarbuyingaticket..（2）用于单数名词前，作定语，谓语用单数。Eachstudenthastheirowne-mailaddress.(3)用于复数主语后，作主语同位语，谓语用复数。Theyeachhavetheirowne-mailaddress.17.Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.我盼望收到你的来信。Lookforwardto盼望，期待Theyarelookingforwardtosolvingtheproblem.三.重点语法动词不定式（1）动词不定式常跟这些及物动词之后，want,refuse,forget,need,try,learn,like,agree,help,hope,decide,begin等。可用顺口溜（要想拒绝忘记，需要努力学习，喜欢同意帮助，希望决定开始）（2）不定式的否定形式是在to的前面直接加not.Mymotherdecidednottobuyacomputerforme.（3）不定式可以和疑问词who,which,when,where,how,what等连用。Canyoutellmewhattosayatthemeeting?Idon’tknowhowtogettothestation.（4）本topic出现的句子有：Ihavesomeexcitingnewstotellyou.Iwanttomakeahotelreservation.ItisverycommontoraisemoneyinCanadianandAmericanschools.Thebestwaytoraisemoneyistosellnewspapers.Ithinkthemostexcitingwayistosellflowersintheevening.Kangkanghelpedustobookthetraintickets.Topic2HowaboutexploringtheMingTombs?一、重点词汇：（一）词形转换：1.explore(名词)explore2.east(形容词)eastern3.north(形容词)northern4.push(反义词)pull5.sadly(形容词)sad(名词)sadness6.crowd(形容词)crowded（二）重点词组:1.makeaplan拟定计划2.makesure确信，确保3.comealongwith和……一起来4.atthefootof在……的脚下5.besurprisedat对……感到惊奇6.besatisfiedwith对……感到满意7.outofsight看不见8.steponone’stoes踩着某人的脚9.can’thelpdoingsth忍不住做某事10.spreadover分布于11.rushout冲出去12.raiseone’shead抬头13.asksbforhelp向某人求助14.thankgoodness谢天谢地二．重点句型及重点语言点1.Whileyouwereenjoyingyourtrip,Iwasbusypreparingformyexams.当你在旅行时，我正忙于准备考试。(1)bebusydoingsth,/bebusywithsth忙于做某事I’mbusypreparingformybirthdaypartythesedays.(2)while当……时候，引导时间状语从句。当一个动作在正在进行时，另一个动作也同时进行。Whilemymotherwascooking,IwaswatchingTV.2.Wouldyouhelpmeplanatrip?请你帮我定个旅行计划好吗？Wouldyou比willyou语气更加客气，委婉,类似还有couldyouCouldyoucomealongwithus?3.Theysurveyedtheareatomakesuretheirtombsfacedsouthandhadmountainsattheback.他们仔细勘测了整个区域，确保这些陵墓是坐北朝南，而且在背后有群山环绕。makesure确信，确保Makesureallthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleave.4.It’sabouttwoandahalfhoursbybike.骑自行车大约要2个半小时。Twoandahalfhours=twohoursandahalf5.It’stotheeastofYongling.它在永陵的东面。tothe+方位词+of(表示互不接壤)JapanistotheeastofChina.onthe+方位词+of(表示相互接壤)FujianisonthesouthofZhejang.inthe+方位词+of表示在某一范围内的地区BeijingisinthenorthofChina.6.TheywalkedintoDinglingandweresurprisedatthewonders.他们走进定陵，对那里的奇观感到很惊奇。besurprisedat对……感到很惊奇Heissurprisedatdragons.besurprisedtodosth惊奇地做某事Shewassurprisedtofindshewaslost.7.…sotheyhadtolookforspacetoparktheirbikes他们不得不寻找停自行车的地方space空间Canyoumakespaceforthisoldman?8.Whilethecrowdwaspushinghimindifferentdirections,someonesteppedonhistoes.当人群从四面八方挤来时，有人踩了他的脚。inone’sdirection朝着某人的方向steponone’stoes踩了某人的脚steponsth踩某物Don’tstepontheflowersandgrass.9.Whenhefina