(完整版)动词不定式用法小结

动词不定式用法动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外，动词不定式具有动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是to＋do；其否定形式是notto＋do。下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。1．作主语可以直接作主语。如：Toseeistobelieve．但在英语中，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如：It'swrongtoplaytricksonotherpeople．It'sourdutytokeepourenvironmentcleanandtidy．点击规律：动词不定式在句中作主语时，常放在Itis＋adj．（形容词）＋todosth．或Itis＋n．（名词）＋todosth．句型中，it仅作形式主语。2．作宾语a．want，decide，agree等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。如：Weagreedtostartearly．Shewantstobeadoctor．b．love，like，begin，start，hate，prefer等词后面可以接不定式。点击规律：上述动词后面除接不定式外，还可以接动名词，意思无很大区别。提示板：likedoing指经常性动作，而liketodo指一次性的动作。如：Ilikeswimming，butIdon'tliketoswimnow．我喜欢游泳，但我现在不想游。c．stop，forget，remember，goon，try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。点击规律：上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。提示板：1）stoptodosth．：停止一件事，去做另一件事。stopdoingsth．：停止正在做的事。例句：Whentheteachercamein，thestudentsstoppedtalking；whenhecameout，thestudentsstoppedtotalk．当老师走进来时，学生们停止说话；当老师走出去时，学生们又开始说话。2）思考：forget，remember，goon，try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别？d．在find／feel＋it＋adj．＋todosth．句型中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如：Themandownstairsfounditdifficulttogettosleep．Ifeeliteasytorecitethetext．点击规律：某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语，又可接动名词作宾语，二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分，如上面stop例句。3．作宾语补足语a．tell，ask，want，order，teach，invite，warn，wish，help，get，wish，help等词后面常接不定式作宾补。如：Itellhimnottogotherebybus．Edison'smothertaughthimtoreadandwrite．b．let，make，have，see，hear，feel，watch，notice后面接不带to的不定式作宾补。如：Thebossmakesthemwork16hoursaday．Iheardhersinginthenextroom．提示板：若变成被动语态，在上述结构中，不定式符号to要加上。如：Theyaremadetowork16hoursadaybytheboss．Shewasheardtosinginthenextroom．4．作定语：放在被修饰的名词、代词后面例句：Ihavealotofworktodo．Thedoctorsaidhecoulddonothingtohelptheboy．点击规律：动词不定式若在句中作定语，常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。提示板：如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系，若动词是不及物动词，切记不要忘掉介词。如：Ihaveasmallbedroomtolivein．Haveyougotsomepenstowritewith？5．表语：放在连系动词be后面例句：Hiswishistobecomeascientist．Thefirstimportantthingistosavethesoldiers'lives．当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。点击规律：动词不定式在句中作表语时，通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。6．作状语a．目的状语：放在go，come，use，live，inorder等词后面。如：Icometoseeyou．Herunsfastinordertogetthereintime．b．原因状语：放在sorry，glad，surprised，disappointed，excited等词后面。如：Iamgladtoseeyouhere．Iamsorrytotroubleyou．c．作结果状语。如：Someoftheapplesarehardtoreach．Theroomislargeenoughtohold1000people．7．与what，who，whose，when，where，how等疑问词连用，作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。如：Idon'tknowwhattodonext．（宾语）Hetaughtushowtousethecomputer．（宾语补足语）It'sstillaquestionhowtogetthere．（主语）【模拟试题】（答题时间：30分钟）一.选择填空：1.Heaskedme________hereearlier.A.comeB.tocomeC.comingD.came2.Pleasetellhim_______onthewall.A.don’tdrawB.tonotdrawC.nottodrawD.notdraw3.Hewanted________acupoftea.A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.had4.I’dlike________awordwithyou.A.hadB.havingC.tohaveD.have5.Icamehere_______myuncle.A.sawB.toseeC.seeingD.tobeseen6.Themanrefused（拒绝）________backhiswords.A.totakeB.takingC.tookD.takes7.Icanletyou________oneticket.A.tohaveB.haveC.havingD.had8.Weoftenheardhim_________inhisroom.A.tosingB.singsC.sangD.sing9.Hewasmade________dayandnight.A.workB.workingC.toworkD.worked10.Hestopped______alook,butsawnothing.A.havingB.tohaveC.haveD.had11.Myfatherwastooangry_________aword.A.tosayB.nottosayC.tosayingD.didn’tsay12.Mybrotherwasoldenough________toschool.A.wentB.goesC.goingD.togo13.Itistime________him________supper.A.of,tohaveB.for,tohaveC.of,havingD.for,tohas14.It’sverykind_______you______me.A.of,tohelpB.for,tohelpC.of,helpD.of,helping15.It’simportant_________ourclassroomcleaneveryday.A.keptB.tokeepC.togiveD.keep16.Beforeliberation（解放）theyhadnochance_______toschool.A.wentB.goC.togoD.tobegone17.Hesaidhehadanimportantmeeting________.A.attendB.wouldattendC.attendingD.toattend18.Pleasegivemeapieceofpaper________.A.towriteB.towriteonC.writingD.towriteit19.Idon’tknow_______.A.whatdoB.whatwilldoC.whattodoD.dowhat20.Yourradioneeds________.A.toberepairedB.torepairC.repairedD.torepairing21.Mywishis________ateacher.A.becomingB.tobecomeC.becomeD.became22.Iwant________himaletternow.A.towriteB.notwriteC.writeD.wrote23.Ittookusthreedays_________thetrees.A.plantB.plantedC.toplantD.plants24.Whynot________here_______me?A.tocome,toseeB.come,toseeC.came,seeingD.come,see25.Hewishesme______mybest_________hardatEnglish.A.todo,toworkB.doing,workingC.todo,workingD.do,work26.Pleasetellme________her.Ihavesomething_______her.A.wheretofind,tellingB.wheretofind,totellC.wherecanfind,totellD.wherefinding,telling27.Howhappytheyare______eachotheragain!A.toseeB.seeC.sawD.beingseen28.Theydecided（决心）_______aletter______theirthanks.A.towrite,expressing（表达）B.writing,expressC.write,expressedD.towrite,toexpress29.Theofficerordered（命令）him_______down_________arest.A.lying,haveB.tolie,tohaveC.tolie,havingD.lie,had30.Theheadmastercalledon（号召）us______hardforourcountry.A.toworkB.workedC.workD.toworking二.根据上句意思完成下句，使两句意思相近或相同，每空一词。1.Hewassoangrythathecouldn’tsayanything.Hewastooangry_____________anything.2.Idon’tknowwhenwewillhavethemeeting.Idon’tknowwhen______________themeeting.3.Hesaidhewouldwritealetter.Hesaidhewouldhavealetter_____________.4.ThatyoureadEnglishinthemorningisveryimportant.Itisveryimportant_____you____________Englishinthemorning.5.Hewassostrongthathecouldliftthestone.（石头）Hewasstrong_