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《FixedIncomeSecuritiesAnalysis》讲义,Copyrights©2004,吴文锋1现金流贴现率定价风险管理寻求套利金融创新《FixedIncomeSecuritiesAnalysis》讲义,Copyrights©2004,吴文锋2第六讲按揭担保和资产支持证券按揭和资产支持证券介绍MBS和ABS的定价MBS和ABS的风险分析《FixedIncomeSecuritiesAnalysis》讲义,Copyrights©2004,吴文锋3背景1U.S.DollarDenominatedDebtMarketMortgages43%ABS2%Sov/Supers2%Corporates13%USAgency15%USTreasuries25%《FixedIncomeSecuritiesAnalysis》讲义,Copyrights©2004,吴文锋4背景2•在2005年12月15日,中国建设银行成功推出“建元2005-1个人住房抵押贷款支持证券”。•国家开发银行则在同期推出“2005年第一期开元信贷资产支持证券”。•资产支持证券产品成功发行,是我国金融工具创新的又一果实。《FixedIncomeSecuritiesAnalysis》讲义,Copyrights©2004,吴文锋56.1按揭和资产支持证券介绍•按揭担保证券•资产支持证券《FixedIncomeSecuritiesAnalysis》讲义,Copyrights©2004,吴文锋61、按揭贷款•按揭贷款(Mortgage)–指由不动产担保的贷款,要求按揭人按计划、分批逐次还款。–按揭人违约时,贷款发行人可占有不动产–按揭利率(Mortgagerate):贷款利率《FixedIncomeSecuritiesAnalysis》讲义,Copyrights©2004,吴文锋7•决定贷款是否发放的主要两个因素:–偿付收入比:payment-to-income,PTI–贷款价值比:loan-to-value,LTV•银监会2004年版《商业银行房地产贷款风险管理指引》–小于等于50%:房产支出与收入比:(本次贷款的月还款额+月物业管理费)/月均收入–小于等于55%:所有债务与收入比:(本次贷款的月还款额+月物业管理费+其他债务月均偿付额)/月均收入《FixedIncomeSecuritiesAnalysis》讲义,Copyrights©2004,吴文锋8美国的情况•评判房贷申请人信用品质的标准:–信用历史,主要指标是FICO信用分数;–抵押品,主要指标是贷款价值比(loantovalue,LTV)–还款能力,主要指标是月供占收入的比例《FixedIncomeSecuritiesAnalysis》讲义,Copyrights©2004,吴文锋9•优质贷款–对象为信用评分高的个人(信用分数在660分以上),月供占收入比例不高于40%及首付超过20%以上;•Alt-A贷款–对象为信用评分较高但信用能力证明较弱的个人,如自雇以及无法提供收入证明的个人•次级贷款–对象为信用分数较差的个人,尤其是消费者信用评分(FICO)分数低于620、月供占收入比例较高或信用能力证明欠佳,及首付低于20%《FixedIncomeSecuritiesAnalysis》讲义,Copyrights©2004,吴文锋10《FixedIncomeSecuritiesAnalysis》讲义,Copyrights©2004,吴文锋11次级贷款的特点•ARM(AdjustableRateMortgage)–2/28,即前2年固定利率(一般很低),2年后开始每半年以市场利率为基础重置–ARM按揭大大增加了参与按揭贷款的人数•一般提前还款要付罚款–有些罚款高达剩余按揭本金的80%•次级贷款的违约风险高《FixedIncomeSecuritiesAnalysis》讲义,Copyrights©2004,吴文锋12《FixedIncomeSecuritiesAnalysis》讲义,Copyrights©2004,吴文锋13•按揭贷款利率一般要大于同期的国债收益率,这个利差反映:–无法通过担保消除的违约风险–较低的流动性–现金流分配的不确定性《FixedIncomeSecuritiesAnalysis》讲义,Copyrights©2004,吴文锋14CommercialMortgageLoanCommercialmortgageloansareforincome-generatingproperties,including•Multifamilyproperties(apartmentbuildings)•Officebuilding•Industrialproperties•Shoppingcenters•Hotel•Healthcarefacilities《FixedIncomeSecuritiesAnalysis》讲义,Copyrights©2004,吴文锋15按揭贷款的还款方式•固定利率、等额还款和全额分期偿还(fixedrate,levelpayment,fullyamortized)•等本还款•可调利率(adjustablerate)•末笔大额还款(balloon)《FixedIncomeSecuritiesAnalysis》讲义,Copyrights©2004,吴文锋16•固定利率、等额还款和全额分期偿还–目前比较常用的按揭贷款还款方式–每个月还款,且还款额都一样–每个月还款中:一部分为还本金,另一部分还利息–前期的还款还的利息多,后期的还款还的本金多《FixedIncomeSecuritiesAnalysis》讲义,Copyrights©2004,吴文锋17Example:•假设当前贷款买一套住房,总价80万元,首付20万元,贷款60万元,期限为30年,利率为固定年利率6%,按月等额还款,则每月应向银行付3597.3元。每个月所还利息和本金见下表。《FixedIncomeSecuritiesAnalysis》讲义,Copyrights©2004,吴文锋18月月初本金余额月付款额利息本金月末本金余额1600,000.003,597.303,000.00597.30599,402.702599,402.703,597.302,997.02600.28598,802.403598,802.403,597.302,994.02603.30598,199.12……178430,646.963,597.302,153.241,444.06429,202.90179429,202.903,597.302,146.021,451.28427,751.62……35810,684.883,597.3053.423,543.887,141.003597,141.003,597.3035.703,561.603,579.403603,579.403,597.3017.903,579.400.00总计0.001,295,029.14695,029.14600,000.000.00《FixedIncomeSecuritiesAnalysis》讲义,Copyrights©2004,吴文锋19等额本息还款的计算公式•假设MB(t)为第t个月未偿还本金额,b为每个月的还款额,则:MB(t)=MB(t-1)*(1+r)–b•求得:•当MB(n)=0时,解得:rrbrMBtMBtt1)1(*)1)(0()(1)1()1(**)0(nnrrrMBb《FixedIncomeSecuritiesAnalysis》讲义,Copyrights©2004,吴文锋20•第t个月未偿还金额的计算公式:•第t个月的预定偿还本金额和利息额:1)1()1()1(*)1(1)1()1()1()0()(tnnntnrrrrtMBbrrrMBtMB1)1()1()1()0()(1)1()1()0()(11ntnntrrrrrMBtIrrrMBtP《FixedIncomeSecuritiesAnalysis》讲义,Copyrights©2004,吴文锋21•等本还款–本金根据按揭期限等分–除了还本金外,每个月还得还利息–每个月的利息随着本金的减少而减少–前期还款额大,后期小《FixedIncomeSecuritiesAnalysis》讲义,Copyrights©2004,吴文锋22上例子的等本还款月月初本金余额月付款额利息本金月末本金余额1600,000.004,666.663,000.001,666.66598,333.342598,333.344,658.342,991.661,666.66596,666.663596,666.664,650.002,983.341,666.66595,000.004595,000.004,641.662,975.001,666.66593,333.34……178305,000.003,191.661,525.001,666.66303,333.34179303,333.343,183.341,516.661,666.66301,666.66……3585,000.001,691.6625.001,666.663,333.343593,333.341,683.3416.661,666.661,666.663601,666.661,675.008.341,666.660.00总计0.001,141,500.00541,500.00600,000.000.00《FixedIncomeSecuritiesAnalysis》讲义,Copyrights©2004,吴文锋23•可调利率按揭贷款(adjustableratemortgage,ARM)–前期利率优惠,后期再调整–方便第一次购房的年轻人符合贷款条件–后期的调整利率一般有上限–6%5years,CMT+3%ARMwith,2/12caps《FixedIncomeSecuritiesAnalysis》讲义,Copyrights©2004,吴文锋242、按揭支持证券•Mortgage-BackedSecurities,MBS•指以按揭贷款(Mortgage)作为担保发行的债券•发行主体可以是政府机构,也可以是非政府机构•按揭贷款主要指住房按揭贷款《FixedIncomeSecuritiesAnalysis》讲义,Copyrights©2004,吴文锋25OverviewofMBSsector?•LargestSectoroftheU.S.DebtMarket:–Aggregatecurrentprincipalamountoutstandingmortgageloansisover$4.9trillionascomparedtoabout$3.3trillionofgovernmentsecuritiesand$4.4trillionofCorporatebonds.–Mortgagebackedsecurities(MBS)areanintegralpartofanybroadportfolioexposuretotheU.S.Governmentsecurities.TheU.S.investmentgradecorporatedebtmarketislessthan1.5trillioninsize.《FixedIncomeSecuritiesAnalysis》讲义,Copyrights©2004,吴文锋26WhyinvestinMBS?•MBScanenhanceportfolioperformancesignificantly–MajormortgagesindiceshaveoutperformedcomparabledurationU.S.Treasuriesbyanaverageofmorethan140bpoverthepast10years.–TheU.S.mortgagemarketconsi
本文标题:年提前还款速度(PSA)-YiqianLu陆奕骞
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