ASTM材料与实验标准.E399

Designation:E399–05StandardTestMethodforLinear-ElasticPlane-StrainFractureToughnessKIcofMetallicMaterials1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE399;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(e)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.ThisstandardhasbeenapprovedforusebyagenciesoftheDepartmentofDefense.1.Scope1.1Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoffracturetoughness(KIc)ofmetallicmaterialsunderpredominantlylinear-elastic,plane-strainconditionsusingfatigueprecrackedspecimenshavingathicknessof1.6mm(0.063in.)orgreater2subjectedtoslowly,orinspecial(elective)casesrapidly,increasingcrack-displacementforce.Detailsoftestapparatus,specimenconfiguration,andexperimentalprocedurearegivenintheAnnexes.NOTE1—Plane-strainfracturetoughnesstestsofthinnermaterialsthataresufficientlybrittle(see7.1)canbemadeusingothertypesofspecimens(1).3Thereisnostandardtestmethodforsuchthinmaterials.1.2Thistestmethodisdividedintotwoparts.ThefirstpartgivesgeneralrecommendationsandrequirementsforKIctesting.ThesecondpartconsistsofAnnexesthatgivespecificinformationondisplacementgageandloadingfixturedesign,specialrequirementsforindividualspecimenconfigurations,anddetailedproceduresforfatigueprecracking.Additionalannexesareprovidedthatgivespecificproceduresforberyl-liumandrapid-forcetesting.1.3Generalinformationandrequirementscommontoallspecimenconfigurations:SectionReferencedDocuments2Terminology3Stress-IntensityFactor3.1.1Plane-StrainFractureToughness3.1.2CrackPlaneOrientation3.1.3SectionSummaryofTestMethod4SignificanceandUse5Significance5.1Precautions5.1.1-5.1.5PracticalApplications5.2Apparatus(seealso1.4)6TensionMachine6.1FatigueMachine6.2LoadingFixtures6.3DisplacementGage,Measurement6.4SpecimenSize,Configurations,andPreparation(seealso1.5)7SpecimenSizeEstimates7.1StandardandAlternativeSpecimenConfigurations7.2FatigueCrackStarterNotches7.3.1FatiguePrecracking(seealso1.6)7.3.2CrackExtensionBeyondStarterNotch7.3.2.2GeneralProcedure8SpecimenMeasurementsThickness8.2.1Width8.2.2CrackSize8.2.3CrackPlaneAngle8.2.4SpecimenTestingLoadingRate8.3TestRecord8.4CalculationandInterpretationofResults9TestRecordAnalysis9.1Pmax/PQValidityRequirement9.1.3SpecimenSizeValidityRequirements9.1.4Reporting10PrecisionandBias111.4Specificrequirementsrelatedtotestapparatus:Double-CantileverDisplacementGageAnnexA1TestingFixturesAnnexA2BendSpecimenLoadingFixtureAnnexA2.1CompactSpecimenLoadingClevisAnnexA2.21.5Specificrequirementsrelatedtoindividualspecimenconfigurations:BendSpecimenSE(B)AnnexA3CompactSpecimenC(T)AnnexA4Disk-ShapedCompactSpecimenDC(T)AnnexA5Arc-ShapedTensionSpecimenA(T)AnnexA6Arc-ShapedBendSpecimenA(B)AnnexA71ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE08onFatigueandFractureandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE08.07onLinear-ElasticFracture.CurrenteditionapprovedApril1,2005.PublishedJune2005.Originallyapprovedin1970.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin1997asE399–90(1997).2Foradditionalinformationrelatingtothefracturetoughnesstestingofalumi-inumalloys,seePracticeB645.3Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendofthisstandard.1Copyright©ASTMInternational,100BarrHarborDrive,POBoxC700,WestConshohocken,PA19428-2959,UnitedStates.1.6Specificrequirementsrelatedtospecialtestprocedures:FatiguePrecrackingKIcSpecimensAnnexA8Hot-PressedBerylliumTestingAnnexA9Rapid-ForceTestingAnnexA101.7ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesareforinformationonly.1.8Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappro-priatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplica-bilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStandards:4B645PracticeforPlane-StrainFractureToughnessTestingofAluminumAlloysE4PracticesforForceVerificationofTestingMachinesE8TestMethodsforTensionTestingofMetallicMaterialsE337TestMethodforMeasuringHumiditywithaPsy-chrometer(theMeasurementofWet-andDry-BulbTem-peratures)E1820TestMethodforMeasurementofFractureTough-nessE1823TerminologyRelatingtoFatigueandFractureTest-ingE1921TestMethodforDeterminationofReferenceTem-perature,To,forFerriticSteelsintheTransitionRange3.Terminology3.1Definitions:TerminologyE1823isapplicabletothistestmethod:3.1.1stress-intensityfactor,K,KI,KII,KIII[FL−3/2]—magnitudeoftheideal-crack-tipstressfield(astress-fieldsingularity),foraparticularmodeofcrackdisplacement,inahomogeneous,linear-elasticbody.3.1.1.1Kisafunctionofappliedforceandtestspecimensize,geometry,andcracksize,andhasthedimensionsofforcetimeslength-3/2.3.1.1.2ValuesofKformodesI,II,andIIIaregivenas:KI5limr→0@syy~2pr!1/2#(1)KII5limr→0@txy~2pr!1/2#(2)KIII5limr→0@tyz~2pr!1/2#(3)whereristhedistancedirectlyforwardfromthecracktiptothelocationwherethesignificantstressiscalculated.3.1.1.3Throughoutthistestmethod,modeIcrackdisplace-mentisassumed.3.1.2plane-strainfracture