英文介绍围棋

围棋WeiqiGoGame一概述１棋具２基本规则与战术３段位与称号二起源与历史发展三当代围棋发展状况四哲学与文化内涵棋具Equipments•Atraditionalweiqiset,withfloorboard,bowlsandstones.Shell-decoratedrosewoodboardrosewoodboardelmboardWeiqiBowlsBaguabowlrosewoodbowlgourdbowlRhinoskinbowlWeiqistonesNowadaysplayersusestoneswithhighbrightnesscontrast,i.e.blackandwhite.ThegeneralstrategyofGoistoexpandone'sterritorywherepossible,attacktheopponent'sweakgroups(groupsthatcanpossiblybekilled),andalwaysstaymindfulofthelifestatusofone'sowngroups.游戏目标气·眼·提子Liberty/eye/captureAB劫·禁着·虚手Ko/Forbidden/PassingDifferentrulesdealdifferentlywithforbiddenmoves.PlayersmustremovethestoneandpasstheveryturnbyModernChineseWeiqiRules.Oncontrary,Ying’sWeiqiRulesallowplayersto''commitsuicide''Thekorulebasesonthisrule:Playersarenotallowedtomakeamovethatreturnsthegametothepreviousposition.NOTICE:Placingstonesinturnisnothingbutrightforbothplayers.Insteadofplacingastone,aplayermaypass.Thisusuallyoccurswhentheybelievenousefulmovesremain.Whenbothplayerspassconsecutively,thegameendsandisthenscored.1Fromleft:straight-three,T-four,bending-threeIfBlackplacesastoneatA,Whitewillneverbeabletomaketwoeyes.Saythesewhitegroupshavepoorshapes.死活常型Basiclife&deathshapesStraighttwo.Itisnotpossiblyalive.Square-four.Anymovebyeitherplayerturnsitintoabending-three.Thusitalsodies.死活常型Basiclife&deathshapesHowever,abending-fourinthecornermaynotpredictitsfate...SomeSpecialsituationsTri-kocirculation三劫循环Seki(mutuallife)双活终局END贴（还）子BecauseBlackhasafirstmoveadvantage,theideaofawardingWhitesomecompensationcameintobeingduringthe20thcentury.Thispredeterminedcompensation,calledkomidashi,(komi)meansthatforevengameswhitemayreceivesomewhereonaverageof6.5pointscompensationforBlack'sfirstmoveadvantage.Ifthereisonestonedifferenceinstrengthbetweenplayers,thestrongerplayertakesWhite,andWhitemayreceiveonly.5pointskomi,justtobreakapossibletie.Inhandicap(让子)gameswith2ormorehandicapstones,Whitemayalsotake.5pointskomitobreakatie.Whenbothplayerspassconsecutively,thegameendsandisthenscored.Judgecomparesblack’spointswithwhite’s.Asforseki(mutuallife)situations,bothplayerreceive0.5pointsfromeach‘publicintersection’.Aswedonothaveallday,Ihavetostopintroducingrulestoyou.Ifyouareinterested,justsearchandtestafterclass.Oryoumaywellaskme!段位ranksandratings•RankTypeRangeStage•Double-digitkyu30–21kBeginner•Double-digitkyu20–11kCasualplayer•Single-digitkyu10–1kIntermediate/clubplayer•Amateurdan1–7dExpertplayer•Professionaldan1–9pProfessionalsKyu级dan段Handicap让子Amateur业余JapaneseranksChineseranks•ChinaWeiqiAssociationhadcarriedoutsomerulesinweiqirankingin1992,butranksettingstilldiffersfromcitytocity.•Forexample,thesystemin1992set25kyus,whileBeijingandShanghaimake11.AmateursshowtheirstrengthsbetterinHangzhou’sratingmatches.•Whateverdifferencesthereare,9-dansystemsareadoptedbyamateurandprofessionalmatchesalloverChina.OriginandhistoryAccordingtoancientbooks,weiqiwasinventedbythelegendaryChineseemperorYaoandhiscounselorShuntoteachDanzhu.Thisattributionindicatestheincrediblyearlytimethegameoriginated.Accordingtohistorybooks,peopleplayweiqiona17x17boardinJinDynastyandbefore.Atrendofusing19x19boardsisrecordedinQibookinSouthandNorthPeriod.Sincethen,weiqihasprimarilyadoptedtheclassicsystem.WeiqiwasbroughttoJapanandKoreabyambassadorsfromSuiDynasty.TangstonesStoneschangeinthelonghistory.ChangingweiqistonesMingYunnanglassstonesSongcolouredpotterystonesYuanchinastonesYellowandgreenQingglassstonesWeiqiinmoderntimesRightaftertheopening-up,thearchitecturewiththreepillarsofChina,JapanandSouthKoreagraduallyformedup.Inthelate20thCentury,Japandidn’tcatchupwiththeitsopponentsforstubbornness,sincewhenChinaandSouthKoreahaveformafierceone-on-onecompetitivesituationinweiqicircle.师徒聂卫平古力ChoChiHunMeijin名人头衔Honinbo本因坊头衔ModernGointhewestWorldWarIIputastoptomostGoactivity,butafterthewar,Gocontinuedtospread.Formostofthe20thcentury,theJapanGoAssociationplayedaleadingroleinspreadingGooutsideEastAsiabypublishingtheEnglish-languagemagazineGoReviewinthe1960s;establishingGocentersintheUS,EuropeandSouthAmerica;andoftensendingprofessionalteachersontourtoWesternnations.PhilosophysenseofWeiqi1.Correspondingtothenatureofuniverse.MasterWuQingyuandrewtheconclusionthatweiqiwasratheranastronomicaltoolthanbattlefieldmodel.Theboardstandsforthesky,andstonesforstars.Equaldistributionisthemostimportantpropertyoftheboard.Nopre-settledregion.Moderncosmology(宇宙学)provesthatmatterandenergydistributeequallyinLargespace.2.Yinandyangelements.AncientChinesephilosophersbelievethattheworldwasformedandmotivatedbyyinandyangelements.Thecolorofweiqistones,blackandwhite,indicatestheconfrontationalmovementofyinandyang.3.Equalityvalues.Weiqistonesonlydiffersinposition.4.Systemthinking.Etc……………………………..