语言学常用术语英汉对照表

.语言学常用术语英汉对照表Chapter1IntroductiontoLinguistics语言学简介1.anthropologicallinguistics人类语言学2.appliedlinguistics应用语言学3.arbitrariness任意性4.competence语言能力5.computationallinguistics计算机语言学6.culturaltransmission文化传递性7.descriptive(grammar)描写（语法）8.descriptivefunction描写功能9.designfeatures识别特征10.diachroniclinguistics历时语言学11.duality二重性12.displacement不受时空限制的特征13.emotivefunction表情功能14.expressivefunction表达功能15.generallinguisitcs普通语言学16.ideationalfunction概念功能17.interpersonalfunction人际功能18.langue语言19.linguistics[liŋ'gwistiks]语言学20.morphology形态学21.mathematicallinguistics数理语言学22.metalinguisticfunction23.neurologicallinguistics神经语言学24.phonetics语音学25.phonology音系学26.pragmatics语用学27.prescriptive(grammar)规定（语法）28.psycholinguistics心理语言学29.parole言语30.performance语言运用31.productivity能产性32.poeticfunction诗学功能33.phaticcommunion交感性谈话34.referentialfunction所指功能35.semantics语义学36.socialfunction社会功能37.socio-linguistics社会语言学38.synchroniclinguistics共时语言学39.syntax句法学.40.textualfunction语篇功能41.TraditionalGrammar传统语法Chapter2Phonology音系学1.acousticphonetics声学语音学2.articulatoryphonetics发音语音学3.affricate破擦音4.allophone音位变体5.alveolar齿龈音6.auditoryphonetics听觉语音学7.aspiration送气8.assimilationrules同化现象9.backvowel后元音10.bilabial双唇音11.broadtranscription宽式音标12.centralvowel中元音13.closevowel闭元音14.complementarydistribution互补分布15.deletionrules省略规则16.dental齿音17.diphthong双元音18.fricative摩擦音19.frontvowel前元音20.glide滑音21.glottal声门音22.hardpalate硬腭23.InternationalPhoneticsAlphabet国际音标24.intonation语调25.labiodental唇齿音26.liquid流音27.mannerofarticulation发音方式28.minimalpair最小对立体29.minimalset最小对立组30.monophthong单元音31.narrowtranscription严式音标32.nasal鼻音33.nasalcavity鼻腔34.openvowel开元音35.oralcavity口腔36.palatal硬腭37.pharyngealcavity咽腔38.placeofarticulation发音部位39.phone因素.40.phoneme音素41.phonemiccontrast音位对立42.roundedvowel元唇元音43.semi-closevowel半闭元音44.semi-openvowel半开元音45.sequentialrules序列规则46.segment切分成分47.segmentation切分48.softpalate软腭49.stop塞音50.stress重音51.suprasegmentalfeatures超切分特征52.teethridge齿龈53.tone声调54.unroundedvowel非圆唇元音55.uvula小舌56.velar软腭音57.velum软腭58.voicing浊音化Chapter3Morphology形态学1.affix词缀2.allomorph语素变体3.base词基4.boundmorpheme黏着语素5.lexicon词汇6.closedclasswords封闭词类7.compoundwords合成词8.derivation派生；派生过程9.derivationalmorphem派生语素10.freemorpheme自由语素11.inflectionalmorpheme屈折语素12.infinitivemarker不定式标记13.morph形素14.morphologicalrules形态规则15.openclasswords开放词类16.root词根17.stem词干Chapter4Syntax句法学1.auxiliary助动词2.category范畴3.complement补足语；补充成分4.complementclause补足分句.5.coordinationrule并列规则6.coordinatestructure并列结构7.deepstructure深层结构8.determiner限定词9.head中心词10.headmovement中心词移位11.insertion插入12.inversion倒装13.majorlexicalcategories主要词汇范畴14.matrixclause主句15.minorlexicalcategories次要词汇范畴16.phrasestructure短语结构17.modifier修饰成分18.qualifier后置修饰成分19.specifier标志语20.subcategorization次范畴化21.surfacestructure表层结构22.syntacticcategory句法范畴23.trace语迹24.transformation转换Chapter5Semantics语义学1.antonymy反义现象2.argument谓元；变元3.behaviorism行为主义4.co-hyponym并列下义词5.collocationalsynonym搭配同义词6.complementaryantonym互补反义词7.completehomonym完全同形异义词8.componentialanalysis成分分析9.conceptualistview概念论10.contextualism语境主义11.contradition自相矛盾的说法12.dialectalsynonym方言同义词13.emotivemeaning情感意义14.entailment蕴含15.evaluativemeaning评价意义16.gradableantonym层级反义词17.homograph同形异义词18.homonymy同音同形异义关系19.homophone同音异义词20.hyponym下义词21.hyponymy下义关系.22.inconsistency自相矛盾23.polysemy多义关系24.polysymousword多义词25.presupposition预设26.predicationanalysis述谓分析27.predicate谓词28.namingtheory命名论29.no-placepredicaiton空位述谓解耦股30.one-placepredication一位述谓结构31.reference（所指）语义32.referent所指物；所指对象33.relationalopposite关系反义词34.semantictriangle语义三角35.sense意义36.stylisticsynonym语体同义词37.superordinate上坐标词38.symbol符号39.synonym同义词40.synonymy同义关系41.two-placepredicaiton二位述谓结构42.three-placepredication三位述谓结构Chapter6Pragmatics语用学1.Commissives承诺类2.CooperativePrinciple合作原则3.constatives述事话语4.context语境5.conventionalimplicature规约含义6.declarations宣告类7.directives指令类8.expressives表情类9.illocutionaryact言外功能10.illocutionarypoint言外之的11.implicature蕴含；含义；会话含义；言外之意12.indirectspeechact间接言语行为13.locutionaryact言内行为14.maximofrelation关系准则15.maximofmanner方式准则16.maximofquality质准则17.maximofquantity量准则18.particularizedconversationalimplicature特殊会话含义19.perfomatives行事话语20.perlocutionaryact言后行为.21.presupposition前提22.primaryspeechact主要言语行为23.representatives表述类24.secondaryspeechact次要言语行为25.sentencemeaning句子意义26.speechacttheory言语行为理论27.utterancemeaning话语意义Chapter7LanguageChange语言变化1.acronyms词首字母缩略词2.back-formation逆成法3.blending混成法4.borrowing借词5.clippedwords截略词6.coinage创新词7.functionalshift功能性变化8.historicallinguistics历史语言学9.MiddleEnglish中世纪英语10.ModernEnglish现代英语11.morphologicalchange形态变化12.negationrule否定规则13.OldEnglish古英语14.phonologicalchange音位变化15.semanticchange语义变化16.semanticshift语义转移17.syntacticchange句法变化Chapter8Languageandsociety语言与社会1.bilingualism双语制2.BlackEnglish黑人英语3.creole克里奥尔语4.diglossia双语；双言制5.ethnicdialect种族变体6.fieldofdiscourse语场7.gender性别8.idiolect个人变体9.modeofdiscourse语式10.multilingualism多语制11.pidgin洋泾浜语12.regionaldialect地域方言13.register语域14.sociolect社会变体15.speechcommunity言语社团16.speechvariety言语变体.17.tenorofdiscourse语旨Chapter9Languageandculture语言与社