experimentonanimals.ppt

罗晓桥谭逸张骋Throughouthistory,scientistshavebeensolvingmedicalproblems,developingnewtechniquesandtreatments,andcuringdiseases–allbyusinganimalsinbiomedicalresearch.Soexperimentonanimalsreallydidalotgoodforourhumanbeings.Howexactlyhasanimalresearchhelpedyouandyourfamily?Vaccinationsforpolio,diphtheria,mumps,measles,rubella,pertussis,andhepatitis.Treatmentsforasthma,severeburns,juvenilediabetes,leukemia,newbornsicknessandprematurebirths.Preventionandtreatmentofbirthdefects.Antibioticsforavarietyofbacterialinfections.Microsurgerytoreattachseveredlimbs.Remediesforchildhoodpoisonings.Managementofepilepsy,cysticfibrosis.Organtransplants.Correctionofcongenitalheartdefects.Withoutanimalresearch:Polio小儿麻痹症wouldkillorcripplethousandsofunvaccinatedadultsandchildreneachyear.Mostofthenation’sonemillioninsulin胰岛素-dependentdiabeticswouldbedead.Morethan60millionAmericanswouldriskdeathfromheartattacks,strokesorkidneyfailure–becausetherewouldbenomedicinetocombathighbloodpressure.Chemotherapy化学疗法wouldn’texist–andcouldn’tsave70percentofchildrenwhonowsurviveacutelymphocyticleukemia.Peopledisabledbystrokesorspinalcordinjuriescouldnotbenefitfromrehabilitationtechniques.Morethan1millionAmericanswouldbeblindinatleastoneeye–therewouldbenosurgerytocorrectcataracts.Newbornswhodevelopjaundiceeachyearwouldcontractcerebralpalsy,nowpreventablethroughphototherapy.Therewouldbenokidneydialysis.Surgeryofanytypewouldberare–andextremelypainful–becausetherewouldbenoanesthesia.Smallpox,whichhasbeeneradicated,wouldcontinueunchecked.Millionsofdogs,cats,otherpetsandfarmanimalswouldhavediedfromanthrax,distemper,canineparvovirus,felineleukemia,rabiesandmorethan200otherdiseasesnowpreventable.Mostofourchildrenhavenotevenheardof,muchlessknowanythingabout,manyofthediseasesourancestorsexperiencedfirst-hand.Why?Theyhaveeitherbeeneradicatedorcanbecontrolledduetofindingsfromresearchusinganimals.Example:Poliomyelitis(Polio)脊髓灰质炎;小儿麻痹症SincetheGlobalPolioEradicationInitiativewaslaunchedin1988bytheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO),thenumberofcaseshasfallenby99.8%,fromanestimated350000casesin1988to483in2001.Inthesametimeperiod,thenumberofpolio-infectedcountrieswasreducedfrom125to10.In1994,theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)RegionoftheAmericas(36countries)wascertifiedpolio-free,followedbytheWHOWesternPacificRegion(37countriesandareasincludingChina)in2000andtheWHOEuropeanRegion(51countries)inJune2002.Widelyendemiconfivecontinentsin1988,polioisnowfoundonlyinpartsofAfricaandsouthAsia.Source:Example:Leprosy麻疯病AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO),overthepastfifteenyears,around11millionleprosypatientshavebeencured.Theprevalencerateofthediseasehasdroppedby85%andleprosyhasbeeneliminatedfrom98countries.Eliminationofleprosyasapublichealthproblemisdefinedasaprevalencerateonthegloballeveloflessthanonecaseper10000persons.Oncethisisachieved,transmissionwilldwindleandeventuallystop.Futuregenerationswillnotcontractthedisease.Source:Example:Smallpox天花OnMay81980delegatestotheThirty-thirdWorldHealthAssembly,representingall155MemberStatesoftheWorldHealthOrganization,unanimouslyacceptedtheconclusionsoftheGlobalCommissionfortheCertificationofSmallpoxEradication(WorldHealthOrganization,1980),namelythat:Smallpoxeradicationhadbeenachievedthroughouttheworld.Therewasnoevidencethatsmallpoxwouldreturnasanendemicdisease.Source:Smallpoxanditseradication,WHO,1988TheImportanceofAnimalsinBiomedicalResearchBecauseofbiomedicalresearchbothhumansandanimalsnowhave:Life-savingsurgicalprocedures;Cancertherapies;Organtransplantation;Vaccines疫苗;Safeconsumerproducts;andTreatmentsandcuresforcountlessothermedicaldisordersanddiseases.Daily,fromvaccinationstopreventmeasles麻疹toproductsafetytesting,theknowledgegainedfromanimalsusedinresearchhelpseverysingleoneofus,ourpets,andthewildlifearoundus.Thousandsofourpetcatsanddogsarevaccinatedeachyearandarethussparedfromdiseasessuchasfelineleukemia,distemper,parvo,andrabies.Everytimewetakeanaspirinorotherpainreliever,applysunscreen,orevenbrushourteeth,wearereapingthebenefitsofbiomedicalresearch.Reproductivetechniquesdiscoveredthroughanimalresearchcanpotentiallysavemanyendangeredwildlifespeciesfromextinction.Wecannotexperimentonbugsbecausetheydon'thaveamechanismlikeus.Againwheredidwegetourmedicationsfrom?Whodidweexperimenton?Whohelpedusonmakingcuresforourdieses?Theanimalsdid,theyhelpeduswithourcures,againalsoourmedicationscomefromplants,andwhodidweexperimenton?Animals.Yestheyfeelpainallanimalsdo,andsodowesothat'ssayingifwefeelpainthenweshouldnotmedicateorexperimentonmedicine.Ifweexperimentonhumansitwillbecruel,wrong,immortalbutbecausewehaveapurposeinlife,meaningwhat?Tolive,tomakeagenerationonscience,ontheories,andtobecomeabetterpersononmedicine.Ifwedon'texperimenthowwouldwegetacure?TheImportanceofAnimalsinBiomedicalResearchVirtuallyeverymajormedicaladvanceforbothhumansandanimalshasbeenachievedthroughbiomedicalresearchusinganimalmodelstostudyan