2021届新高考英语一轮复习数量词冠词与名词专项训练7名词辨析

2021届新高考英语一轮复习数量词、冠词与名词专项训练（7）名词辨析1.It'swidelyacknowledgedthatreadingprintedtextsisno______forpersonaldiscussionwithagreatthinker.A.substituteB.subjectC.submissionD.substance2.Thehealthsecuritysystemsofmanycountriesareundergoingconsiderable_______.A.reservationB.transformationC.distinctionD.submission3.Theself-drivingsmartbusisalreadyoperatingin10citiesacrossChina,withthelatest_______inShanghaiinAugust.A.explorationB.exclusionC.expansionD.explosion4.CreditsinAdvancedPlacementclassescangreatlyhelpstudentsgain________tocompetitiveschools.A.privilegeB.distinctionC.currencyD.admission5.Therehasbeenarecent________inthefoodserviceindustrytowardslowerfatcontentandlesssalt.A.trackB.trickC.trendD.trial6.Thegovernmentplaced___________onthenumbersofforeigncarsthatcouldbeimported.A.limitationsB.administrationC.requirementsD.restrictions7.Withastranger_____ofachievement,activelanguagelearnersareabletoputwhattheyknowtobetter.A.senseB.feelingC.thoughtD.idea8.Exerciseisagoodwaytorelieve_______afterahardday.A.tensionB.abortionC.submissionD.adoption9.The_____ofthetreesinthewaterwasveryclear．A.mirrorB.sightC.reflectionD.shadow10.Iwouldliketothankallofyouwhomadetheeffort.Itisareliefthatemployeessoclearlyshowtheir_______totheirjob.Thankyou.A.devotionB.applicationC.connectionD.invitation11.Hegavehimselfanewnametohidehis____________whenhewenttocarryoutthesecrettask.A．abilityB．goalC．decisionD．identity12.Thefailurewasabig________tohim,buthewasn'tdiscouragedandsoongotasenthusiasticasever.A.blowB.issueC.excuseD.factor13.Carbondioxide,whichmakesa________betweenusandthesun,preventheatfromgettingoutofatmosphereeasily,sotheearthisbecomingwarmer.A.differenceB.comparisonC.connectionD.barrier14.—Canyoutellusyourforhappinessandalonglife?—Livingeverydaytothefull,definitely.A.recipeB.recordC.rangeD.receipt15.Nowadaysthe___________fortravellingisshiftedfromshoppingtofoodandscenery.A.priorityB.potentialC.proportionD.pension16.Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniversefirstcameinto___________(exist).17.Thenewstadiumunder___________(construct)fortheOlympicGamesmeasuringthreetimesasbigasthepresentoneisduetobecompletedintwomonths.18.Itisapitythatallthe__________(collect)arenotopentothepublic,butLouvreisstillwellworthavisit.19.Thedoctorshareshisphonenumberwiththepatientsincasetheyneedmedical________(assist).20.Somehospitalpatientsexperiencehighlevelsof_______(anxious).21.Wethink,toourregretted,thatwewillnotbeabletovisityounextyear.22.Myfavoritesportisbadminton,whichbringsmemuchhappy.23.Thismadeforthegrowintheporcelainindustry.24.Thirdly,theitemsmightbedamagedduringdeliver.25.Inthecamp,wewillhaveanEnglishspeech’scontestandwatchsomewonderfulperformancesgivenbythestudents.答案以及解析1.答案：A解析：考查名词。句意：人们普遍认为，阅读印在纸上的内容远不如与伟大的思想家面对面探讨那般受益。substitute意为“代替物，代用品”，benosubstitutefor意为“不能替代某事物（用于强调某一事物没有另一事物好）”；subject意为“话题，学科，主语，实验对象”;submission意为“服从，提交”；substance意为“物质，实质，事实基础”。2.答案：B解析：考查名词辨析。句意：许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。B项意为转变，改革，故B项正确。A项意为预订；C项意为“区别；D项意为提交。3.答案：C解析：考查名词的词义辨析.exploration探索；探究；exclusion排斥；排除在外；expansion扩张；扩展；扩大；膨胀；explosion爆炸,爆破.句意：自驾智能巴士已经在中国10个城市运营,最新的扩张计划将于8月在上海展开.4.答案：D解析：本题考查名词词义辨析．A项意为特权；B项意为区别，名声；C项意为流通；D项意为准许加入，加入权，根据句意和gainadmissionto进入，可知答案．故选：D．5.答案：C解析：本题考查名词词义辨析．A项意为轨迹；B项意为技巧；把戏；C项意为趋势；D项意为试验，根据句意和各个选项可知答案．6.答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:政府限制进口车的数量。A.limitations局限性;B.administration管理;C.requirements要求;D.restrictions限制。本句为短语placerestrictionson限制,故选D。limitation作为限制意思时,为不可数名词,故不选A。7.答案：A解析：主要考察短语asenseofsth.译为一种····感，feeling感觉thought想法，观点idea主意8.答案：A解析：考查名词的词义辨析．tension紧张局势（或关系、状况）；矛盾；对立；（情绪上的）紧张，烦躁；abortion人工流产；堕胎；submission屈服；投降；归顺；提交；呈递；adoption收养；领养；（想法、计划、名字等的）采用．句意：辛苦一天之后运动是缓解紧张的好方法．故选：A．9.答案：C解析：reflection此处意为“映在水中的倒影”而不是“影子”或“阴影”，故不能用shadow。其它选项均不合题意。10.答案：A解析：考查名词的词义辨析．devotion奉献；忠诚；专心；热心；application申请；请求；申请书；connection联系，关联；联结；invitation邀请．句意：我要感谢所有付出努力的人．员工们如此清楚地表明了他们对工作的奉献精神，这让我松了一口气．谢谢．故选：A．11.答案：D解析：考查名词的词义辨析．emotion情绪；情感；talent天资；天赋；treasure宝藏；珍宝；金银财宝；identity身份；本体．句意：当他去执行秘密任务时，他给自己取了一个新的名字来隐瞒身份．12.答案：A解析：考查名词辨析A.blow打击;B.issue问题;C.excuse借口;D.factor要素。该句意思为：这个失败对他来说是一个打击，但是他没有泄气，很快振作恢复了原来的热情。故选A考查名词辨析。13.答案：D解析：barrier障碍屏障、分界线;difference差别、差异;comparison比较、不同;connection连接、联系。此处是指二氧化碳把我们和太阳光线分割开来……,所以选D。解题的关键在于正确理解和把握一词多义和熟词生义。14.答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。名词recipe秘诀,食谱,药方;record记录;range范围;receipt收据,收条;句意:—你能告诉我你对幸福长寿的秘密吗?—当然是尽情享受每一天。根据句意可知A项意为“秘诀”,与上下文相符。15.答案：A解析：考查名词辨析。句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A.priority优先；优先权；B.potential潜在的，可能的；C.proportion比例，占比；D.pension退休金，抚恤金。故选A。16.答案：existence解析：考查词形转换。comeintoexistence意为开始存在,是固定搭配。17.答案：construction解析：句意为:正在为奥运会修建的新体育场是现有体育场的三倍大,预计在两个月之内完工。underconstruction为固定短语,意为“在建设中”。18.答案：collections解析：句意为:很遗憾,不是所有的收藏品都向公众开放,但卢浮宫还是很值得一去的。设空处在从句中作主语,其前有all和the修饰,应用名词;再根据系动词are为复数可知,设空处应用复数形式。故填collections。19.答案：assistance解析：句意为:这名医生把他的电话号码告诉了病人,以防他们需要医疗帮助。设空处作动词的宾语,其前有形容词修饰,应用名词。故填assistance。20.答案：1.客观填空anxiety解析：句意:有些住院病人十分焦虑不安。空格处所填的词作介词of的宾语,故用anxious的名词形式anxiety。21.答案：Wethink,toourregrettedregret,thatwewillnotbeabletovisityounextyear.解析：“toone’s+n.(表示抽象意义）”意为“令某人……的是”。toone’sregret意为“令某人抱歉/遗憾的是”。故将regretted改为regre