毕业论文外文文献翻译Sensor-technology传感器技术

毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译文献、资料中文题目：传感器技术文献、资料英文题目：Sensor-technology文献、资料来源：文献、资料发表（出版）日期：院（部）：专业：班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：翻译日期：2017.02.14SensortechnologyAsensorisadevicewhichproducesasignalinresponsetoitsdetectingormeasuringaproperty,suchasposition,force,torque,pressure,temperature,humidity,speed,acceleration,orvibration.Traditionally,sensors(suchasactuatorsandswitches)havebeenusedtosetlimitsontheperformanceofmachines.Commonexamplesare(a)stopsonmachinetoolstorestrictworktablemovements,(b)pressureandtemperaturegageswithautomaticsshut-offfeatures,and(c)governorsonenginestopreventexcessivespeedofoperation.Sensortechnologyhasbecomeanimportantaspectofmanufacturingprocessesandsystems.Itisessentialforproperdataacquisitionandforthemonitoring,communication,andcomputercontrolofmachinesandsystems.Becausetheyconvertonequantitytoanother,sensorsoftenarereferredtoastransducers.Analogsensorsproduceasignal,suchasvoltage,whichisproportionaltothemeasuredquantity.Digitalsensorshavenumericordigitaloutputsthatcanbetransferredtocomputersdirectly.Analog-to-coverter(ADC)isavailableforinterfacinganalogsensorswithcomputers.ClassificationsofSensorsSensorsthatareofinterestinmanufacturingmaybeclassifiedgenerallyasfollows:Machanicalsensorsmeasuresuchasquantitiesaspositions,shape,velocity,force,torque,pressure,vibration,strain,andmass.Electricalsensorsmeasurevoltage,current,charge,andconductivity.Magneticsensorsmeasuremagneticfield,flux,andpermeablity.Thermalsensorsmeasuretemperature,flux,conductivity,andspecialheat.Othertypesareacoustic,ultrasonic,chemical,optical,radiation,laser,andfiber-optic.Dependingonitsapplication,asensormayconsistofmetallic,nonmetallic,organic,orinorganicmaterials,aswellasfluids,gases,plasmas,orsemiconductors.Usingthespecialcharacteristicsofthesematerials,sensorscovertthequantityorpropertymeasuredtoanalogordigitaloutput.Theoperationofanordinarymercurythermometer,forexample,isbasedonthedifferencebetweenthethermalexpansionofmercuryandthatofglass.Similarly,amachinepart,aphysicalobstruction,orbarrierinaspacecanbedetectedbybreakingthebeamoflightwhensensedbyaphotoelectriccell.Aproximitysensor(whichsensesandmeasuresthedistancebetweenitandanobjectoramovingmemberofamachine)canbebasedonacoustics,magnetism,capacitance,oroptics.Otheractuatorscontacttheobjectandtakeappropriateaction(usuallybyelectromechanicalmeans).Sensorsareessentialtotheconductofintelligentrobots,andarebeingdevelopedwithcapabilitiesthatresemblethoseofhumans(smartsensors,seethefollowing).ThisisAmerica,thedevelopmentofsuchasurgeryLinBaianexample,throughthescreen,througharemotecontroloperatortocontrolanothermanipulator,throughtherealizationoftherightabdominalsurgeryAfewyearsagoourcountrytheexhibition,theUnitedStateshasbeensuccessfulinachievingtherighttotheheartvalvesurgeryandbypasssurgery.Thisrobothasinthearea,causedagreatsensation,butalso,AESOP'ssurgicalrobot,Infact,itthroughsomeequipmenttosomeofthelesionsinspections,throughamanipulatorcanbeachievedonsomepartsoftheoperationAlsoincludingremotelyoperatedmanipulator,andmanydoctorsareabletoparticipateintherobotundersurgeryRobotdoctortoincludedoctorswithpliers,tweezersoraknifetoreplacethenurses,whilelightingautomaticallytothedoctor'smovementslinked,thedoctorhandsoff,lightingwentoff,Thisisverygood,adoctor'sassistant.Tactilesensingisthecontinuousofvariablecontactforces,commonlybyanarrayofsensors.Suchasystemiscapableofperformingwithinanarbitrarythree-dimensionalspace.hasgraduallyshiftedfrommanufacturingtonon-manufacturingandserviceindustries,wearetalkingaboutthecarmanufacturerbelongingtothemanufacturingindustry,However,theservicessectorincludingcleaning,refueling,rescue,rescue,relief,etc.Thesebelongtothenon-manufacturingindustriesandserviceindustries,sohereiscomparedwiththeindustrialrobot,itisaveryimportantdifference.Itisprimarilyamobileplatform,itcanmovetosports,therearesomearmsoperate,alsoinstalledsomeasaforcesensorandvisualsensors,ultrasonicrangingsensors,etc.It’ssurroundingenvironmentfortheconductofidentification,todetermineitscampaigntocompletesomework,thisisservicerobot’soneofthebasiccharacteristicsInvisualsensing(machinevision,computervision),cameralopticallysensethepresenceandshapeoftheobject.Amicroprocessorthenprocessestheimage(usuallyinlessthanonesecond),theimageismeasured,andthemeasurementsaredigitized(imagerecognition).Machinevisionissuitableparticularlyforinaccessibleparts,inhostilemanufacturingenvironments,formeasuringalargenumberofsmallfeatures,andinsituationswherephysicscontactwiththepartmaycausedamage.Smallsensorshavethecapabilitytoperformalogicfunction,toconducttwo-waycommunication,andtomakeadecisionsandtakeappropriateactions.Thenecessaryinputandtheknowledgerequiredtomakeadecisioncanbebuiltintoasmartsensor.Forexample,acomputerchipwithsensorscanbeprogrammedtoturnamachinetooloffwhenacuttingtoolfails.Likewise,asmartsensorcanstopamobilerobotorarobotarmfromaccidentallycomingincontactwithanobjectorpeoplebyusingquantitiessuchasdistance,heat,andnoise.Sensorfusion.Sensorfusionbasicallyinvolvestheintegrationofmultiplesensorsinsucha