初二英语--现在完成时课件

现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense一、构成:have/has+动词过去分词不规则动词原型-过去式-过去分词形式：1）AAA型(三种都一样)如：costcostcostcutcutcuthurthurthurtshutshutshutsetsetset2）ABB型(过去式与过去分词相同)如:bring-brought-broughtcatchcaughtcaughtleadledled3）ABC型(三种都不一样)如：begin-began-beguntaketooktakenringrangrungdodiddonegowentgone4）ABA型(原形与过去分词相同)如:come-came-comebecomebecamebecomerunranrun①陈述句肯定形式。主语+have/has+过去分词+其它eg.Ihavehadlunch.已经吃过午饭了。HehasgonetoBeijing.他去北京了。上一页下一页主菜单现在完成时的基本句型②陈述句否定形式。主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其它（在助动词have/has后+not，可缩写为haven’t/hasn’t）eg.Ihaven’thadlunch.我还没吃饭Hehasn’tgonetoBeijing.他还没有去北京。③一般疑问句形式及其答语。Have/Has+主语＋过去分词＋其它（将助动词have/has提前，句末加问号）肯定回答：Yes,主语＋have/has.否定回答：No,主语+haven’t/hasn’t.－HashegonetoBeijing?－Yes,hehas./No,hehasn’t.④特殊疑问句形式（疑问词+一般疑问句）特词+have/has+主语＋过去分词＋其它？eg.Wherehashegone?他去了哪里？(定义一)表示过去发生的动作或事情对现在的影响和产生的结果.它强调的是过去的动作同现在的联系.常用的时间状语有already,yet,ever,never,just,before等.“仍然，还”用在疑问句和否定句中，放在句末。Ihaven’treadthisbookyet.Haveyouhadbreakfastyet?already:Yet:“已经”通常用于肯定句中,放在句中。Ihavealreadyreadthisbook.有时，也用在疑问句中表示惊讶。Haveyoueatenupallthefoodalready?现在完成时中标志词的用法区别“从来不”用在否定句中,放在句中。Ishefamous?Ihaveneverheardofhim.evernever“曾经”通常用于疑问句和肯定句中,放在句中。Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.HaveyoueverbeentotheUSA?“以前”用在完成时中，放在句末。Ｉhaveneverreadthiskindofbooksbefore.justbefore“刚刚”用在陈述句中,放在句中。Ihavejustboughtanovel。(定义二)表示一个从过去开始,一直持续到现在,有可能继续下去的动作或状态.通常和for或since引导的时间状语连用.e.g.Ihavebeeninthenewschoolforaweek.foraweeklastweekpresentpastfor+时间段我已经来新学校一周了。e.g.LilyhasbeenawayfromhomesincelastFriday.sincelastFridaylastFridaypresentpastsince+时间点Lily自从上周五就离开了家。since+从句(一般过去时)词组(表示过去某一时间的)时间点Eg.Ihavebeenheresince2000.Ihavebeenheresince5yearsago.IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2000.注:对for或since引导的时间状语提问必须用howlong,绝不能用when.Eg.Ihavelivedherefor10years.Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?Shehasstoodheresince2hourago.Howlonghasshestoodhere?Fillintheblankswithfororsince.1.Hisfatherhasbeendead___manyyears.2.Hehasbeenawayfromthearmy_____sevenyearsbecauseofalegwound.3.HehasbeeninBeijing______2003.4.HehasbeenamemberofHelpers’Club_______2004.5.Hehashadahouse______2005.6.Hehaskeptthecar______oneyear.forforsincesincesincefor巧解现在完成时态题技巧1:寻找现在完成时中的“时间”。(1)现在完成时表示过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态,多和表示一段时间的状语连用:for+一段时间;since+点时间(since作连词后接从句时,该从句要用一般过去时)。(2)现在完成时态也用在含有during/in/overthelastyears或inrecentyears等的句子中。1.—Howlong_______you_____here?—Forabouttwoyearssofar.A.have,studiedB.did,liveC.do,stayD.were,swimming2.—Howisyourfather?I_____himforalongtime.—Heisfine,butbusy.A.don’tseeB.hadn’tseenC.didn’tseeD.haven’tseen3.Meimeihasreceivedseverallettersfromherhometownsinceshe_______tothecity.A.cameB.comesC.hascomeD.willcome技巧2:寻找现在完成时的副词标志或句型。(1)在做时态题时,注意观察句中是否有常用于现在完成时的副词:yet,already,never,lately,recently,ever,just,before,(ever)since等。(2)句型:Ithasbeen+时间段+since+过去时句子.1.—Whatareyougoingtodothisweekend?—I_______yet.A.haven’tdecidedB.won’tdecideC.havedecidedD.didn’tdecide2.Mymother_______thewindowsalready,sotheroomlooksmuchbrighter.•hascleanedB.hadcleanedC.iscleaningD.willclean3.It____tenyearssincewelast_____inBeijing.•was,metB.hasbeen,metC.was,meetD.is,meet4.—Howlonghastheweatherbeenlikethis?—_______.•UntillastnightB.EversincelastnightC.TwodaysagoD.Twodayslater技巧3:把握havebeento与havegoneto的区别。havebeento曾经去过某处(现在已经不在那个地方,强调以前的经历)havegoneto去了某处(强调主语已经离开说话者所在的地方,现在还没有回来)1.—IsthatJackspeaking?—Sorry,heisn’tinrightnow.He_______thecinemawithhisaunt.A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.havebeentoD.havegoneto2.—Hello,mayIspeaktoyourfather,please?—Sorry,myfather_______toShanghai.Hewenttherethismorning.A.goesB.hasgoneC.hasbeenD.go3.—Howmanytimes_______you_______toBeijingthisyear?—Threetimes.A.have,beenB.had,beenC.have,goneD.hadgone技巧4:分清延续性动词和非延续性动词。延续性动词是指那些动作可以持续的动词。如:have,keep,study,live,teach等。非延续性动词是指那些动作瞬间完成的动词。如:begin,buy,borrow,lend等。做题时,要注意句中是否有段时间,如果有则用延续性动词。但是，非延续性动词的否定形式可以表示状态的延续，可与for/since等时间状语连用。延续性语境中的非延续性动词的使用在具体的语言环境中，往往会出现非延续性动词与时间段相连用的情况。由于受汉语影响，往往错误地直译为：Hehasfallenasleepforanhour.他睡了一小时了。（×）当出现这种情况时，我们往往采取以下解决方法：将非延续性动词转化为相应的状态动词。所谓状态动词就是指这一动作发生后接下来所呈现的状态。如：Hehasbeenasleepforanhour.（fallasleep,“入睡”为短暂动作，但beasleep“睡着”则为状态动词，可延续。）常见的这种动词的转化有以下几类：gothere—bethere,comeback—beback,borrow—keep,buy/catch—have,arrive—bein,begin—beon,open—beopen,close—beclosed,die—bedead,getup—beup,fallasleep—beasleep,become—be,join—bein/amemberof,receive—have,catch/getacold—haveacold,getmarried—bemarried，come→bein，finish→beover，leave→beaway1.—Oh,Mrs.King,yourdresslooksnice.Isitnew?—No,I_______itsincetwoyearsago.A.hadB.boughtC.havehadD.havebought2.Tom_______theCDplayerfortwoweeks.•haslentB.hasborrowedC.hasboughtD.hashad3.—Howlonghastheforeigner_______here?—Hehas_______hereforseveralhours.A.arrived;comeB.come;gotC.stayed;beenD.left;beenaway4.Thefilm_______forhalfanhour.A.hasbegunB.hasbeenbegunC.hasbeenonD.began书面表达假如你到济南旅游过几次,那里的植物园(BotanicalGarden),趵突泉(BaotuSpring),大明湖(DamingLake),动物园,以及交通,购物等给你留下了深刻印象。请写一篇英语短文,来分享一下你的游历。提示词:havebeento,fallinlovewith,suchas要求:1.语句通顺,可适当发挥;2.词数在80—100词。