csr(国际商务PPT1)

CorporateSocialResponsibility•Concepts,keyissues,context•KeyCSRdrivers•Implicationsforglobalenterprise•ImplicationsfordevelopmentWeek10:CSRandInternationalManagementMainConceptsofCSRSocialContract(Donaldson,1982;DonaldsonandDunfee,1999)–Thereisatacitsocialcontractbetweenthefirmandsociety;thecontractbestowscertainrightsinexchangeforcertainresponsibilities.StakeholderTheory(Freeman,1984)–Astakeholderis“anygrouporindividualwhocanaffectorisaffectedbytheachievementofanorganisation’spurpose.”Arguesthatitisinthecompany’sstrategicinteresttorespecttheinterestsofallitsstakeholders.CSR(Carrol,1979)Firmshaveresponsibilitiestosocietiesincludingeconomic,legal,ethicalanddiscretionary(orphilanthropic).-SeealsoDeGeorge(1999)onthe“MythoftheAmoralFirm”KeyIssuesinCSR•Labourrights:–childlabour–forcedlabour–righttoorganise–safetyandhealth•Environmentalconditions–water&airemissions–climatechange•Humanrights–cooperationwithparamilitaryforces–complicityinextra-judicialkillings•PovertyAlleviation–jobcreation–publicrevenues–skillsandtechnologyContextGlobally•Liberalisationofmarkets–reductionoftheregulatoryapproach•Emergenceofglobalgiants,consolidationofmarketshare•Developmentofthe‘embeddedfirm’andtheglobalvaluechain–DevelopmentofsuppliernetworksindevelopingcountriesKeydriversofCSRAroundtheworld•NGOActivism•Responsibleinvestment•Litigation•Gov&IGOinitiativesDevelopingCountries•Foreigncustomers•Domesticconsumers•FDI•Government&IGOKeyDrivers:NGOActivism•Facilitators:IT(espInternet),media,lowcosttravel•Boycotts,branddamage,influencelegislation,dominoeffect•e.g.ShellinNigeria,ExxoninCameroon,SinopecinSudan,ApparelIndustry(Nike,Gap),GMO,WoodProducts,etc.DominoEffectintheUSWoodProductsIndustry:7outoftop10shiftpolicyonoldgrowthwithin18monthsDateofPolicyShiftCompanyIndustryRankAug-1999HomeDepot1Nov-1999HomeBase6Nov-1999Wickes9Jan-2000Menards3Aug-2000Lowes2Aug-200084Lumber4Dec-2000PaylessCashways5KeyDrivers:ResponsibleInvestment•Rootsof:SouthAfricaApartheidDivestment•Significantsize:USSRI=2.3trillion$in2005or10%ofallprofessionallymanagedinvestments•Shareholderactivism:shareholderresolutions;votingprocess•Influencecorporatereportinganddisclosurerequirements•NewrulesonCSRreportingSignatorieswill1…incorporateESGissuesintoinvestmentanalysisanddecision-makingprocesses.2…beactiveownersandincorporateESGissuesintoourownershippoliciesandpractices.3…seekappropriatedisclosureonESGissuesbytheentitiesinwhichweinvest.4…promoteacceptanceandimplementationofthePrincipleswithintheinvestmentindustry.5…worktogethertoenhanceoureffectivenessinimplementingthePrinciples.6…eachreportonouractivitiesandprogresstowardsimplementingthePrinciples.PrinciplesforResponsibleInvestment(IFC)•ForeignDirectLiability•AlienTortClaimsAct(ATCA):humanrights,environmentalrightsoUnocalBurmaoCoca-ColaColumbiaoRioTintoPapauNewGuineaoDelMonteGuatemalaoTheGapSaipanoShellNigeriaOthertools:RICO,FalseAdvertising–E.g.Saipan‘sweatshop’cases;Katskyv.NikeKeyDrivers:Litigation$30,000,000settlementUnitedNationsInitiatives•UNGlobalCompact•UNPrinciplesforResponsibleInvestment•UNEPEquatorPrinciples•ILOTripartiteDeclarationofPrinciplesconcerningMultinationalEnterprisesandSocialPolicy(MNEDeclaration)•UNHCHRBusinessandHumanRights•UNODCAnti-corruption•UNCTADCorporateResponsibilityReporting,WorldInvestmentReportImplicationsforEnterprisesTheExtendedFirmRegionalPlants/JVPartnersSuppliers/Distributors•Newsocialandproductliabilitypatterns•DevelopmentofCodesofConductandCSRreporting•Expandingsphereofinfluence–ApplicationofCodeofConducttovaluechain–CSRmanagement:valuechainmanagement=compliancemanagementCSRDriversTransnationalCorporationsImplicationsforEnterprises:TNCasan“organofsociety”“everyindividualandeveryorganofsociety[should]promoterespectfortheserightsandfreedomsandtosecuretheiruniversalandeffectiverecognition.”-UNInternationalDeclarationofHumanRightsInternationalprinciplesapplyonlytogovernmentsInternationalprinciplesapplytogovernmentsandcompaniesItwouldbeastrangetortsystemthatimposedliabilityonstateactorsbutnotonthosewhoconspiredwiththemtoperpetrateillegalactsthroughcoerciveuseofstatepower.-1997EastmanKodackCo.v.KalvinTrendininternationallawImplicationsforEnterprises:CSRManagementHowdocompaniesaddresssocio-environmental&legalcomplianceissues?•Policies-CodeofConduct•Systems-ComplianceManagement•Reporting-AccountingandReportingCSRManagement:SystemsapproachSustainablebusinessdevelopmentdoesnotcomeaboutofitsownaccord.Rather,commitmenttosustainabilitydemandsthatcorporateprocessesbereliablycontrolledandthateveryone'sactions-infinanceasmuchasinenvironmentalandsocialareas-becoordinated.Prerequisitesforthisarebindingguidelines,unambiguouscorporategoalsandaclearorganizationalstructure.-DeutscheTelekomCSRManagement:ManagementstructureExample:ChiquitaBoardofDirectorsPresident&CEOGroupPresidentsChiefFinancialOfficerVPofHumanResourcesGeneralCounselCorporateResponsibilityOffic