完整word版-高中英语代词讲解与练习(附答案)

1代词代词可以分为下列九类1人称代词2物主代词3反身代词4.相互代词5.指示代词6.疑问代词7.关系代词8.连接代词9不定代词一人称代词英语中主要有以下这些人称代词：数格人称单数复数一二三一二三主格Iyouhe,she,itweyouthey宾格meyouhim,her,itusyouthem人称代词做主语时用主格，做宾语时用宾格。在作表语时，用宾格较多，例如：Whoisknockingatthedoor?---It’sme.但在强调结构中却常用主格：ItisIthat∕whowillloveyoufrombeginningtoend.在使用人称代词时有下面几点值得注意：1）she可以用来代表国家，船只，大地，月亮等。e.g.IthinkEnglandwilldowhatshepromisedtodo.2)在并列的主语中，I总放在最后。e.g.①MaryandIwillbeinchargeofthecase.②You,sheandI,whoareallgoodfriends,shouldloveoneanotherfromthebottomofourheartforever.3)第三人称，男女两性并用时，男先女后。e.g.Heandshestilldon’tagreetotheplan.二物主代词英语中主要有下列这些物主代词：类型词义我的你的他（她，它）的我们的你们的他们的形容词性物主代词myyourHis,her,itsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyoursHis,hers,itsoursyourstheirs1.形容词性的物主代词只能作定语，如Iamgoingtomyhomevillagetoseemyparentsthisweekend.2.名词性的物主代词可以作：（注：形代﹢具名＝名代，形代在句中其后必有具体的名词。）1)主语Oursisabigfamily.2）宾语Thelifeinyourcountryisquitedifferentfromours.3）表语Whosedictionaryisthis?----it’smine.4）“of+名词性物主代词”可用作定语Thatcarofhersisalwaysbreakingdown.=Hercaris…….三反身代词单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfItself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves1．这些词可用来：(注：主宾一致的情况下往往用反身代词充当宾语。)1）作宾语Ican’texpressmyselfinEnglish.2)作表语Iamnotquitemyselfthesedays.3）作主语或宾语的同位语Thetheoryitselfisallright.在作同位语时，自身代词常译作“本人”或“亲自”Theymustmakeinvestigationthemselves.他们必须亲自作调查。与byoneself较难区分byoneself译为“一个人干（不要别人帮助）”Theymadethemachineallbythemselves.这机器完全是他们自己制造的。2．自身代词常和某些动词连用enjoyoneself,behaveoneself(使自己举止良好),helpyourselftosth.请吃点...Cometooneself苏醒3．常与某些介词连用byoneself一个人做（不要别人帮助）foroneself替自己，自己Hehasarighttodecideforhimself.他有权自己决定。inoneself本身Thisisnotabadideainitself.这主意本身并不错。tooneself供自己用Shehadaroomtoherself.她自己住一间房。四相互代词Oneanother与eachother由于表示相互关系，称为相互代词，两者的用法是差不多的。Wecanhelponeanother(eachother).Weareeagertolearnfromeachother.五指示代词有this,that,these,those.注意：1．前面刚提到的东西，英语中常用that(或those)表示。e.g.①Wehavenotimetodoit.That’sourtrouble.②TheumbrellayouboughtyesterdayischeaperthanthatIboughtamomentago.2③Generallyspeaking,theweatherinthesouthiswarmerthanthatinthenorth.(注：that指代可单＝theone，亦可指代抽象的不可数名词。)2.指下面要谈到的事物时，常用this,表示。Iwanttoknowthis:hasJohnbeenhere?3those在下面的这种类型的句子里常出现，表示人们或东西（后面多有一定定语修饰）Thosewholearnnotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.ThestudentsinClass1aremoreactivethanthoseinClass2..(注：those指代可数名词的复数＝theones。)六疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what,which都是来构成特殊问句的。Who通常做主语和表语，whom做宾语。1what,who一般来说，what问的是职业或地位，who问的是姓名。----Whatwasherhusband?----Hewasalawyer.比较----whowasherhusband?-----HewasJohnSmith,thesonofafamouswriter.2which,whatWhich用于已知情况的选择，其后可以跟of,而what用于未知情况的疑问，其后不能跟of.Whatfruitdoyoulikebest?Whichdoyoulikebetter,orangesorapples?3在以这类代词做主语时，后面的动词可以用复数形式，也可以用单数形式，要看所代表的人或物是复数还是单数来决定。e.g.Wholive(s)inthisroom?如果不清楚代表的东西是复数还是单数，则动词多用单数形式。-----What’sthereonthedesk?-----There’resomebooksonit.七.连接代词：疑问代词都可以用作连接代词，来引起主语从句，宾语从句和表语从句。（注：不管何种从句我们的原则是“缺什么补什么”且语序要用陈述语序，即引导词位于句首其后的语序用主谓∕系结构，that只有引导定语从句才在定从中充当句子成分其它任何情况下均不充当句子成分，只起引导词的作用，若“句意完整无疑问”我们用that引导名词性从句，若含“是否之意又不缺句子成分”用if∕whether引导名从）。①Whethertheywinorloseisallthesametome.②WhatIreallycareaboutiswhetheritworksornot.③Thatchinaisagreatsocialistcountryiswellknown.④Theideathattheearthisroundisnotanewone.⑤Ididn′tknowwhathadhappeneduntilhetoldmethenews.⑥After5hours′drive,theygottowhattheythoughtwastheplacetheyhadbeendreamingof.⑦Whenwillthepersonwhoyouthinkisuptothetaskcometowork?⑧Howheworkeditoutisstillasecret.代词what有时可以用来表示thethingwhich这种意思。Weshouldneverpretendtoknowwhatwedon’tknow.2who(m),which,what等可以和ever构成合成词，和前面所提到的疑问代词一样，引导名从。whatever［=anything﹨everythingthat或any］,whichever(=anyonewho∕anythingthat…)whoever(=anyonewho),whomever(=anyonewhom…)whosever(﹦anyonewhose)等可用于引导名词性从句。这类引导词均相当于“先行词＋关系代词”，没有疑问语气，但没有ever的引导词which,who等却依含有疑问意味。如：①Thepooryoungmanisreadytoacceptwhatever(=any)helphecanget.那个年青人意愿接受能得到的任何帮助。②Whoever(=Anyonewho)comeswillbewelcome.任何人来都欢迎。③Thiskindofbookisofgreathelptowhoeverwantstodothejob.你们之中谁想要，我就给谁。④Youshouldgiveitbacktowhosever(﹦anyonewhose)nameisonthecoverofthebook.注：这类词也可引导状语从句，可用“nomatter+疑问词”替换，“nomatter+疑问词”只引导让步状语从句且用逗号和主句隔开。如：Whoever(=Nomatterwho)youare,youcan’tpassthisway.不管你是谁，你都不能从这里通过.﹍﹍﹍﹍willcometohelpwithmyEnglishhasn′tbeendecided.A.NomatterwhoB.WhoeverC.WhateverD.Who案D只有D带有疑问口气.八．不定代词：英语中有下面这些不定代词：all,each,every,both,either,neither,one,none,little,few,many,much,other,another,some,any,no.以及一些复合不定代词，如：anyone,anybody,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,everything,nobody,nothing.1.some,any和no的用法1).some/any+可数名词复数/不可数名词2).some用于肯定句或期待肯定应答的疑问句。any用于疑问句或否定句，在肯定句中表示“任何一个”Wouldyoulikesometea?Youcanaskmeifyouhaveanyquestions.33).someof+代词宾格复数∕+the+名词复数Iknowsomeofthem,butnotall.（注：当any及any系列词表任何之意时可用在肯定句，如：Anythingmayhappenintheworld,whichiscommeninourreallife.）4).no+可数名词/不可数名词no=nota/notanyIhavenocar.(Ihavenotacar.)Wehadnobreadforbreakfast.(Wehadnotanybreadforbreakfast.)Exercise:Fillintheblankswithsome,anyorno1).Iaskedherfor_______paper,butshedidn’thave_______.someany2).Wouldyouliketohave_______bananas?Yes,I’dliketo.some3).Lucyhas_______bikeandsheoftenrideshersister’sbike.no4).______oftheplantsgrowwell.Some5).Thereis_______aironthemoon.noThereisn't____paperinthebox.Willyougoandget