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-1-ocumentsD—determiningwhatresources(People,equipment,materials)andwhatquantitiesofeachshouldbeusedtoperformprojectactivities.7.2CostEstimating—developinganapproximation(estimate)ofthecostsoftheresourcesneededtocompleteprojectactivities.7.3CostBudgeting—allocatingtheoverallcostestimatetoindividualworkitems.7.4CostControl—controllingchangestotheprojectbudget.Theseprocessesinteractwitheachotherandwiththeprocessesintheotherknowledgeareasaswell.Eachprocessmayinvolveeffortfromoneormoreindividualsorgroupsofindividualsbasedontheneedsoftheproject.Eachprocessgenerallyoccursatleastonceineveryprojectphase.-2-ocumentsD(e.g.,capitalfacilitiesprojects),projectcostmanagementalsoincludesthiswork.Whensuchpredictionsandanalysisareincluded,projectcostmanagementwillincludeadditionalprocessesandnumerousgeneralmanagementtechniquessuchasreturnoninvestment,discountedcashflow,paybackanalysis,andothers.-3-ocumentsD—differentstakeholdersmaymeasureprojectcostsindifferentwaysandatdifferenttimes.Forexample,thecostofaprocurementitemmaybemeasuredwhencommitted,ordered,delivered,incurred,orrecordedforaccountingpurposes.Whenprojectcostsareusedasacomponentofarewardandrecognitionsystem(rewardandrecognitionsystemsarediscussedinSection9.3.2.3),controllableanduncontrollablecostsshouldbeestimatedandbudgetedseparatelytoensuretherewardsreflectactualperformance.9.3.2.3-4-ocumentsD(e.g.,theymaybeperformedbyasingleindividualoverarelativelyshortperiodoftime).Theyarepresentedhereasdistinctprocessesbecausethetoolsandtechniquesfor-5-ocumentsD(people,equipment,materials)andwhatquantitiesofeachshouldbeusedtoperformprojectactivities.Itmustbecloselycoordinatedwithcostestimating(describedinSection7.2).Forexample:7.2.Aconstructionprojectteamwillneedtobefamiliarwithlocalbuildingcodes.Suchknowledgeisoftenreadilyavailableatvirtuallynocostbyusinglocallabor.However,ifthe1ocallaborpoollacksexperiencewithunusualorspecializedconstructiontechniques,theadditionalcostforaconsultantmwhtbethemosteffectivewaytosecureknowledgeofthelocalbuildingcodes..Anautomotivedesignteamshouldbefamiliarwiththelatestinautomatedassemblytechniques.TherequisiteknowledgemightbeObtainedbyhiringaconsultant,bysendingadesignertoaseminaronrobotics,orbyincludingsomeone-6-ocumentsD(WBS,describedinSection5.3.3.1)identifiestheprojectelementsthatwillneedresourcesandthusistheprimaryinputtoresourceplanning.AnyrelevantoutputsfromotherplanningprocessesshouldbeprovidedthroughtheWBStoensurepropercontrol..15.3.3.1WBS.2Historicalinformation.Historicalinformationregardingwhattypesofresourceswererequiredforsimilarworkonpreviousprojectsshouldbeusedifavailable..2.3Scopestatement.Thescopestatement(describedinSection5.2.3.l)containstheprojectjustificationandtheprojectobjectives,bothofwhichshouldbeconsidered-7-ocumentsD(peop1e,equipment,material)arepotentiallyavailableisnecessaryforresourceplanning.TheamountofdetailandthelevelofspecificityoftheresourcepooldescriptionwillvaryForexample,duringtheearlyphasesofanengineeringdesignproject,thepoolmayincludejuniorandseniorengineersinlargenumbers.Duringlaterphasesofthesameproject,however,thepoolmaybelimitedtothoseindividualswhoareknowledgeableabouttheprojectasaresultofhavingworkedontheearlierphases..4.5Organizationalpolicies.Thepoliciesoftheperformingorganizationregardingstaffingandtherentalorpurchaseofsuppliesandequipmentmustbeconsideredduringresourceplanning..57.1.2ToolsandTechniquesforResourcePlanning.