Theodore-Dreiser-西奥多德莱塞-ppt

Naturalism&TheodoreDreiserNaturalismNaturalismwasaliterarymovementtakingplacefromthe1880sto1940sthatuseddetailedrealismtosuggestthatsocialconditions,heredity,andenvironmenthadinescapableforceinshapinghumancharacter.Itwasdepictedasaliterarymovementthatseekstoreplicateabelievableeverydayreality,asopposedtosuchmovementsasRomanticismorSurrealism,inwhichsubjectsmayreceivehighlysymbolic,idealistic,orevensupernaturaltreatment.•Naturalismistheoutgrowthofliteraryrealism,aprominentliterarymovementinmid-19th-centuryFranceandelsewhere.•p.8-p.9NaturalisticwriterswereinfluencedbyCharlesDarwin'stheoryofevolution.Theybelievedthatone‘sheredityandsocialenvironmentlargelydetermineone’scharacter.MajorfeaturesofNaturalismThecoreofnaturalismisdeterminism（决定论）•Anindividual’scourseinlifeiswhollydeterminedbysomecombinationofanimalinstinct,heredity,andenvironment.•Humanslackfreedomoftheirownwill.Alloftheiractionsarecontrolled,determined.Theuniverseiscold,godless,indifferentandhostiletohumandesires.Lifebecomesastruggleforsurvival.•Twoofthenaturalist’srecurrentconcernsare:socialsystemsthatdestroyanddehumanize,andindividualexperienceoflossandfailure.Naturalismisaharsherandextremeformofrealism.Thenaturalistshaveamajordifferencefromtherealists.Theyfeelrealistsasfartoo“genteel”.•Naturalistsdonotlookattheaverage,butattheviolent,sensational,sordid,unpleasantanduglyaspectsoflife.•Theywouldgototheslumsandwriteaboutthelifeofpovertyandcrime.•Theywriteaboutwar,prostitution,criminals,andalloftheseotheraspectsoflifethatarenottoopleasanttoconsider.AmericanNaturalism•Representatives:•StephenCrane,FrankNorris,JackLondonandTheodoreDreiser.•Thesewriters’detaileddescriptionofthelivesofthedowntroddenandtheabnormal,theirfranktreatmentofhumanpassionandsexuality,andtheirportrayalofmenandwomenoverwhelmedbyblindforcesofnaturestillexertapowerfulinfluenceonmodernwriters.TheodoreDreiser(1871-1945)LifeExperienceTheodoreHermanAlbertDreiserwasborninTerreHaute,Indiana,onAugust27,1871Fromtheageoffifteen，heearnedmeagersupportfromavarietyofmenialjobs.In1889,ayearstudyatIndianaUniversityLifeExperienceFrom1892to1902,heworkedasanitinerantjournalist.In1900,Dreiser’sfirstnovelSisterCarriewaspublished.In1904,hewasonthewaytoseveralsuccessfulyearsasaneditor.In1910,heresignedtowriteJannieGerharatLifeExperienceIn1925,hisnovelAnAmericanTragedyPublished.In1927,hevisitedtheSovietUnionandpublishedDreiserLooksatRussiaIn1945,hejoinedtheCommunistPartyofAmericaOnDecember28Dreiserdied.MainLiteraryWorks•SisterCarrie(1900)嘉莉妹妹•JennieGerhardt(1911)珍妮姑娘•TrilogyofDesire(欲望三部曲):•TheFinancier(1912)金融家•TheTitan(1914)巨人•TheStoic(posthumously)斯多葛•TheGenius(1915)天才•AnAmericanTragedy(1925)美国的悲剧•DreiserLooksatRussia1928《德莱赛对俄罗斯的观感》﹛SisterCarrie•Plots•Characters•ThemesPlots•SisterCarrietellsthestoryoftwocharacters:CarrieMeeber,anordinarygirlwhorisesfromalow-paidwageearnertoahigh-paidactress,andGeorgeHurstwood,amemberoftheuppermiddleclasswhofallsfromhiscomfortablelifestyletoalifeonthestreets.NeitherCarrienorHurstwoodearntheirfatesthroughvirtueorvice,butratherthroughrandomcircumstance.Theirsuccessesandfailureshavenomoralvalue;thisstancemarksSisterCarrieasadeparturefromtheconventionalliteratureoftheperiod.Characters•CarrieMeeber•CharlieDrouet•GeorgeHurstwoodCarrieMeeber•Caroline(Carrie)Meeber,theprotagonistofthenovel,travelstoChicagotostaywithhersisterandherbrother-in-law.TheworldofChicagoenthrallsher,andsheconstantlywantstobuythings.Herfirstjobisalow-paid,arduouspositioninafactory.Whenshelosesherjob,hersisterandbrother-in-lawcannotsupporther,soshebecomesCharlieDrouet'smistress.Afterward,shebecomesinfatuatedwithanotherman,GeorgeHurstwood.CarrieandHurstwoodruntoNewYork,wheretheydiscoverthatmarriedlifeisfarlessexcitingthantheiraffair.CarrieleavesHurstwoodbecausehefailstoprovideherwiththelavishlifeshewants.Shebecomesafamous,high-paidactressinNewYorkCity.•Nature,notsocialideas,hasformedCarrieMeeber.SheentrustsherselffirsttoDrouet,thentoHurstwood,notasanopportunist,butoutofforcecircumstance.Sheisjustlikeafeatherinthewind.Fortunateenough,shefollowstherightdirectiontoapursuitoftheAmericanDream.Circumstancesandherdesiresforabetterlifedirecthertothesuccessfulgoal.•Butsheisnotcontented,becausewithwealthandfame,shestillfindsherselflonely.Sheknowsthatherconceptofwhatconstituteshappinesshasbeeninadequate.Thisfindingisamanifestationofherdistinctivedifferencefromotherwealthypeople:Carrieis,bynature,notabadgirl.Sheisaproductofthesociety,arealizationofthetheorythatthefittestsurvive.CharlieDrouet•CharlieDrouetisacharming,flashy(浮华的)salesmanwithastrongappetiteforromance.Althoughheiswarm-hearted,henevertakesanyofhisromanticaffairsseriously.HeprovidesCarriewithaplacetostayaftersheisforcedtostoplivingwithhersister;healsopromisestomarryher,butheneverreallyintendsto.HelosesCarrietoHurstwoodandthen,yearslater,aftershehasbecomeafamousactress,triesunsuccessfullytowinherback.GeorgeHurstwoodGeorgeHurstwoodisthemanagerofasalooninChicago.Atthebeginningofthenovel,heisawealthy,importantman.HefallsinlovewithCarrieaftermeetinghert