（安徽专版）2019中考英语高分复习 第二篇 语法突破篇 语法专题10 非谓语动词课件 人教新目标版

安徽专版语法专题（十）非谓语动词【中考考点】（1）动词不定式的用法。（2）动名词的用法。（3）现在分词和过去分词的用法。考点一动词不定式构成:to+动词原形,有时可省略to,to为不定式符号。其否定形式:not（+to）+动词原形。1.作主语[常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语（动词不定式）置于句末]常用句型结构为“It’s+adj.（+for/ofsb.）+todosth.”。Toasktheteacherforhelpisnecessary.=Itisnecessarytoasktheteacherforhelp.向老师寻求帮助是必要的。2.作宾语（1）后接不定式作宾语的动词或短语有want,try,decide,hope,need,wish,agree,expect,refuse,learn,remember,forget,wouldlike/love等。Ihopetherebeforedark.我希望天黑以前到那儿。（2）在think,find,make等动词后通常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语（不定式）后置,构成“主语+谓语+it（形式宾语）+宾补（形容词/名词）+不定式.”结构。Ifounditdifficulttosolvetheproblem.我发现解决这个问题很难。toget3.作宾语补足语（1）后接带to的不定式作宾补的动词或短语有tell,ask,allow,want,wish,teach,warn,invite,wouldlike,encourage等。TheteachertoldusExercise1.老师告诉我们做练习一。（2）一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾语补足语。这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有:一感（feel）、二听（hear,listento）、三让（let,make,have）、四看（lookat,see,watch,notice）。但这些动词变被动语态时,作补语的不定式必须补出to。Weoftenhearhersing.我们经常听见她唱歌。被动语态:Sheisoftenheardtosing.todo4.作状语常见的状语有目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。Mr.LeewillgotoHangzhoutovisittheWestLake.李先生将去杭州参观西湖。（作目的状语）5.作定语动词不定式作定语时,放在被修饰的名词的后面,作后置定语。若不定式结构中的动词是不及物动词,且与所修饰的词之间是动宾关系,则不定式后面要加上适当的介词。Idon’thaveapartnertopracticeEnglishwith.我没有一个一起练习英语的同伴。Ihadtofindaplacetolivein.我不得不找一个住的地方。6.作表语Theirdutyistheanimals.他们的职责是照看动物。7.“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构动词不定式可以和what,which,when,where,how等特殊疑问词连用,构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。Hedoesn’tknow.他不知道要穿什么。（作宾语）tolookafter/takecareofwhattowear考点二动名词动名词由“动词原形+-ing”构成,但有不规则形式。动名词既有动词的性质,也有名词的性质。1.作主语动名词作主语和动词不定式作主语,在很多情况下可以通用。Playing/Toplaycomputergamestoomuchisbadforyoureyes.玩电脑游戏太多对你的眼睛有害。2.作宾语后常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语有enjoy,finish,consider（考虑）,miss,keep,mind,practice,suggest,bebusy,feellike,giveup,can’thelp,avoid,beusedto,beworth,beafraidof,beproudof,beinterestedin,can’tstop,keep/stop…from…,lookforwardto,havedifficulty/problems/trouble（in）,havefun等。【巧学妙记】后接动名词作宾语的动词（短语）记忆口诀:完成实践值得忙（finish,practice,beworth,bebusy）继续习惯别放弃（keepon,beusedto,giveup）考虑建议不禁想（consider,suggest,can’thelp,feellike）Haveyoufinishedthebook?你读完这本书了吗?reading3.作表语Thenurse’sjobisthepatients.护士的工作是照顾病人。4.作定语Ioftengotothe.我经常去阅览室。lookingafter/takingcareofreadingroom【注意】有些动词后既可接不定式又可接动名词作宾语,但表达的意义不同:rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事（已做）remembertodosth.记得去做某事（未做）forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事（已做）forgettodosth.忘记去做某事（未做）stopdoingsth.停止做某事stoptodosth.停下来去做某事needdoingsth.需要做某事（被动含义）needtodosth.需要做某事（主动含义）trydoingsth.尝试做某事trytodosth.尽力做某事hear/seesb.doingsth.听见/看见某人正在做某事hear/seesb.dosth.听见/看见某人做某事考点三分词分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词（v.-ing）有主动、进行之意;过去分词（v.-ed）有被动、完成之意。1.作定语Chinaisacountry.Americaisacountry.中国是一个发展中国家,美国是一个发达国家。IknowtheboycalledLiMing.我认识那个叫李明的男孩。2.作表语Thebookisinteresting.I’minterestedinit.这本书很有趣,我对它感兴趣。developingdeveloped3.作宾语补足语Isawhergoingupstairs.我看见她正在上楼。Iwanttohavesomephotostaken.我想拍一些照片。4.作状语Laughingandtalking,theywentintotheroom.他们有说有笑地进了房间。5.现在分词与过去分词的区别（1）在语态上,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动。theflyingkite飞着的风筝themovedpeople被感动的人们（2）在时间上,现在分词表示正在进行的动作,过去分词表示已经完成的动作。therisingsun正在升起的太阳therisensun升高的太阳对接中考专练1.[2018·阜阳一模]Ihaven’tdecidedwhenaholidayyet.A.tookB.takingC.totakeD.take2.[2018·芜湖模拟]—ZhangLan,haveyoufinishedthebookHarryPotter?—Yes,it’sinteresting.A.readB.writeC.writingD.reading1.Cdecidetodosth.决定去做某事,为固定搭配,故选C。CD对接中考专练3.[2018·合肥二模]I’mtryingtosleep.Wouldyoumindthemusic?A.turndownB.turningdownC.toturndownD.toturningdown4.[2018·淮南]Theywereaboutwhenitbegantorain.A.toleaveB.leavingC.leaveD.left5.[2018·蚌埠二模]Whenweheardthegoodnews,wecouldn’thelp.We’resoexcited.A.jumpB.tojumpC.jumpingD.jumped6.[2018·淮北二模]Ourteachersawusonthedesksandwentoutoftheclassroom.A.tositB.satC.sitD.sittingBACD对接中考专练7.[2018·阜阳二模]Welookforwardtoyouagain.A.meetingB.meetC.seeD.visit8.[2018·蚌埠二模]Nancyspendshalfanhourthepianoeveryday.A.topracticeplayingB.practicingplayingC.practicingtoplayD.topracticetoplay9.[2018·蚌埠二模]—I’msorry,MissGreen.Ileftmymathbookathome.—Itdoesn’tmatter.Pleaserememberitheretomorrow.A.takingB.totakeC.bringingD.tobringABD对接中考专练10.[2018·颍上模拟]Wewillbefreetomorrow,soIsuggestthehistorymuseum.A.tovisitB.visitingC.visitD.avisit11.[2018·合肥一模]Heusedtoinasmallvillage,butnowhehasbeenusedtointhebigcity.A.live;livingB.live;liveC.living;livingD.living;live10.Bsuggestdoingsth.建议做某事,后面跟动名词,故应选B。BA对接中考专练12.[2018·淮北二模]—Myhairgrowslong.Iwanttogetit.—OK,I’llgowithyou.A.cutB.tocutC.cuttingD.cuts13.[2018·淮北一模]—Didyoutalkbacktoyourmotherwhenyouwereachild?—Yes.ButnowIrealizeIwaswrong.Ireallyregretthatsillythingtomymum.A.doB.todoC.doingD.didAC对接中考专练14.[2018·马鞍山一模]WespendasmuchtimeaswecanEnglish.A.readB.toreadC.readingD.haveread14.Cspendsometime/moneydoingsth.花时间/钱做某事,为固定搭配,故选C。C语法综合演练见Word资源语法专题10非谓语动词