2020年高中英语 Module 4 Great Scientists Section Ⅲ Inte

Module4GreatScientistsSectionⅢIntegratingSkills&CulturalCorner练读文记词汇学翻译1教材助读[先读通]Rockets①Todayrocketsareveryadvanced②machineswhichwecanusetosendastronautsintospace③.Theyarealsousedinfireworkdisplays④tocelebrategreatevents⑤，suchastheendoftheOlympicGamesorthebeginningofthenewmillennium⑥intheyear2000.Rocketswereprobablyinvented⑦byaccident⑧about2,000yearsago.TheChinesehadaformofgunpowder⑨whichwasputinbambootubes⑩andthrowninto⑪firestomakeexplosions⑫duringfestivals.Perhapssomeofthetubesjumpedoutof⑬thefireinsteadof⑭exploding⑮init.TheChinesediscoveredthatthegasescaping⑯fromthetube⑰couldliftitintotheair.Theideaoftherocketwasborn.Thefirstmilitaryuseofrocketswasin1232.TheSongDynastywasatwarwith⑱theMongols.DuringthebattleofKaifeng,theSongarmyshot⑲“arrows⑳offlyingfire”．Thetubeswereattachedtoalongstickwhichhelpedkeeptherocketmovinginastraightdirection.SoontheMongolslearnedhowtomakerocketsthemselvesanditispossiblethattheyintroducedthemtoEurope.Betweenthe13thand15thcenturiesthereweremanyrocketexperimentsinEngland,FranceandItaly.Theywereusedformilitarypurposes.OneItalianscientisteveninventedarocketwhichcouldtraveloverthesurfaceofwaterandhitanenemyship.Butnoteverybodywantedtouserocketsinbattles.WanHu,aChinesegovernmentofficial，inventedaflyingchair.Heattachedtwobigkitestothechair,and47rocketstothekites.Therocketswerelit，therewasahugeexplosionandcloudsofthicksmoke.WhenthesmokeclearedWanHuandhischairhaddisappeared.Nooneknowswhathappened.DidWanHudieintheexplosion?Orwashecarriedmilesintospace,becomingtheworld'sfirstastronaut？[再记住]②advancedadj.高级的；先进的③send...intospace把……送入太空whichwecanusetosendastronautsintospace是which引导的限制性定语从句，which在从句中作use的宾语。④fireworkdisplays焰火表演⑤greatevents重大事件⑥millennium[mI'leniəm]n.千年⑦inventvt.发明；创造⑧byaccident偶然bychance偶然onpurpose故意地⑩whichwasputinbambootubes是which引导的定语从句，which在从句中作主语。⑪throw...into...把……扔进……里makeexplosions制造爆炸⑬jumpoutof从……中跳出来⑭insteadof相反；而不是⑯escape[I'skeIp]vi.逃跑；逃避⑰现在分词短语escapingfromthetube作定语，修饰thegas。⑱atwarwith与……交战atpeacewith与……和平共处⑲shootv．射中shootat向……射击(不强调射中)beattachedto被拴/捆到……上keep...doing...使……一直做……doing作宾补，表示动作正在进行或者持续进行。straight[streIt]adj.直的inastraightdirection沿直线方向whichhelpedkeeptherocketmoving...是which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词alongstick，which在从句中作主语。howto...作learned的宾语。Itispossiblethat...……是可能的it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。beusedfor被用作……overthesurfaceof在……表面之上hitv．(hit，hit)击中whichcouldtraveloverthesurfaceofwaterandhitanenemyship是which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词arocket。noteverybody表示部分否定。aChinesegovernmentofficial是WanHu的同位语。动名词flying作定语，修饰chair，表示chair的用途。lightv．(lit，lit)点燃thicksmoke浓烟clear[klIə]vi.(烟雾)消散disappearvi.消失不用于被动语态。whathappened作knows的宾语。现在分词短语becomingtheworld's...作结果状语。[再翻译]火箭今天，火箭是我们用来将宇航员送入太空的非常先进的机器。它们也被用在庆祝重大事件的焰火表演中，像奥运会的闭幕式或2000年新千年的开始。火箭可能是大约两千年前被偶然发明出来的。中国人有一种装在竹管里的火药，这种火药是节日中被用来扔进火里爆炸的。可能一些竹管从火堆里蹿了出来，而不是在里面炸开。中国人发现从竹管里释放出来的气体可以使其飞向空中。于是关于火箭的想法诞生了。火箭第一次被用于军事是在1232年。那时宋朝正与蒙古作战。在开封战役中，宋军射出了“飞火箭”。这些竹管被绑到一根长棍上，这根长棍可帮助火箭沿笔直的方向飞行。不久，蒙古人学会了怎样自己制造火箭，并且可能是他们将其引入欧洲的。在13世纪到15世纪期间，在英国、法国和意大利有很多关于火箭的实验。它们用于军事目的。一位意大利科学家甚至发明了一种可以飞过水面打中敌舰的火箭。但并不是每个人都想将火箭用于战争。一个名叫万户的中国官员发明了一种“飞椅”。他把两个大风筝绑到椅子上，又把47个火箭绑到风筝上。火箭被点燃了，发生了巨大的爆炸，出现了厚厚的浓烟。当烟雾消散后，万户和他的椅子已无影无踪了。没有人知道发生了什么。万户被炸死了？还是他被载入了数英里远的太空而成为世界上第一个宇航员了呢？通语篇学理解重分析2语篇理解Readthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestansweraccordingtothetext.1．Oftheusesoftherockets,whichoneisNOTmentioned?A．Inbattles.B．Infireworkdisplays.C．Insendingvisitorsintospace.D．Inthemilitary.2．Rocketswereprobablyinvented________about2,000yearsago.A．insurpriseB．onpurposeC．bychanceD．bymistake3．OneItalianscientistinventedarocketwhich________.A．couldflyintotheskyB．couldhittheenemy'shorseC．couldflyoverthesurfaceofwaterD．couldclearthecloudintheair4．What'sthetopicofthetext?A．Thedangersofrockets.B．Thedevelopmentofrockets.C．Theadvantagesofrockets.D．Theinventionofrockets.答案：1～4CCCB记单词记短语记句型3基础梳理记住新知识重点词汇基础词汇1._______n．生涯；经历2._______adv.部分地；在一定程度上3._________adj.身体的4._______vi.逃跑；逃避5._________adj.直的6.______vi.(烟雾)消散careerpartlyphysicalescapestraightclear记住新知识重点词汇拓展词汇7.______adj.简短的；简洁的→brieflyadv.简要地；扼要地8._________vi.毕业→graduationn．毕业9._________adj.个人的→personallyadv.就自己而言→personalityn．性格；个性；人格10.___________n．相对论→relativen．[C]亲戚；相关物adj.相对的；比较的→relativelyadv.相对地；比较而言11.________vi.爆炸→explosionn．爆炸；爆炸声briefgraduatepersonalrelativityexplode记住新知识重点词汇阅读词汇12.best­sellern．____________________13.diagnosevt.______14.victimn.________15.brilliantadj.____________________16.rocketn.______17.millenniumn.______18.gunpowdern.______19.arrown.__________畅销书(或唱片等)诊断受害者聪颖的；才华横溢的火箭千年火药(弓)箭记住新知识重点短语1．_____________因……而出名/闻名2．__________________谋生3．______________掌权4．_______________在……领域5．____________偶然地6．_______________与……交战beknownforearnone'slivingcometopowerintheareaofbyaccidentbeatwarwith记住新知识重点句型1.现在分词短语作让步状语_____________________________________________________________(尽管行动靠轮椅，讲话靠特殊的电脑)，hehasbecomethevoiceofscience.2．keep＋宾语＋宾补Thetubeswereattachedtoalongstickwhichhelped_______________________(使火箭移动)inastraightdirection.Movinginawheelchairandspeakingthroughaspecialkeeptherocketmovingcomputer记住新知识重点句型3．疑问词＋t