2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 5 First aid Section Ⅲ Grammar

课前语法感知Ⅰ.教材语法感知教材原句1．(1)Firstdegreeburnsturnwhitewhen(theyare)pressed.(2)Ifburnsareonarmsorlegs,keepthemhigherthantheheart,if(itis)possible.2．ThereisnodoubtthatJohn'squickthinkingandthefirstaidskills(that/which)helearnedatschoolsavedMsSlade'slife.3．Itshows(that)aknowledgeoffirstaidcanmakearealdifference.探究发现(1)第1组例句为的省略。当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，或当状语从句的主语为it，而且从句谓语中含有be动词时，可以把从句的和动词一起省略。(2)例句2为的省略。当关系代词在限制性定语从句中作时可以省略。(3)例句3体现的是当及物动词之后跟由连接词that引导的时，可以省略。状语从句主语be动词关系代词宾语宾语从句thatⅡ.真题语法感知1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)China'sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile(feed)itscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide，”saysthebank'sJuergenVoegele.答案：feeding此处是句子的省略形式。由“连词＋doing”构成，表示主动的动作。相当于whileitisfeeding。答案2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhen(attack)．答案：beingattackedwhenbeingattacked＝whenthey(allkindsofplants)arebeingattacked，句中省略了时间状语从句中的主语和be动词are。答案3．(2015·北京高考)If(accept)forthejob,you'llbeinformedsoon.答案：acceptedIf条件状语从句中省略了与主句主语一致的主语you和be动词are，且动词accept与主语you之间是被动关系，应用其过去分词形式。答案4．(2015·江苏高考)Itissocoldthatyoucan'tgooutsideunlessfully(cover)inthickclothes.答案：covered句意：天气如此寒冷，你不能到外面去，除非你用厚衣服完全裹起来。unless引导的条件状语从句中省略了youare,cover与you之间为被动关系，故用过去分词covered。答案5．(2014·福建高考)Insomecountries,peopleeatwithchopsticks,whilein，knivesandforks.答案：otherswhile后为省略形式，补充完整为“whileinotherspeopleeatwithknivesandforks”。答案课堂合作探究省略是将句子中一个或多个成分省去，避免重复，使语言简练、紧凑的一种语法手段。在英语句子中，常见的省略情况有以下几种：一、并列句的省略在由并列连词and,but,while等连接的并列句中，后面的分句中可以省略与前面分句中相同的成分以避免重复。Thenewsmademeangry,while(thenewsmade)mysisterhappy.这个消息使我生气，然而却让我妹妹高兴。【即景活用1】单句写作①Tompickedupabookonthefloorand.汤姆捡起了地板上的一本书并把它交给了老师。②Hisadvicemademehappy,but.他的建议使我高兴，却使吉姆生气。③Hehasaknowledgeoffirstaidbut.他具备急救知识，但他的朋友不具备(急救知识)。答案：①(Tom)handedittohisteacher②(hisadvicemade)Jimangry③hisfrienddoesn't(haveaknowledgeoffirstaid)答案二、复合句的省略(一)状语从句中的省略1．在when,while,whenever,till,assoonas,if,unless,though,asif/though,as,whether等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be动词，而主语又跟主句主语相同或从句主语为it，则从句中主语和be动词常省略。Woodgivesoffmuchsmokewhile(woodis)burning.木头燃烧时产生很多烟。Though(theywere)tired,theywentonworking.虽然他们累了，但他们仍继续工作。Treesshouldbepruned(修剪)when(itis)necessary.当必要时，应该修剪树木。Shouldyouchangeyourmind,noonewouldblameyou.＝Ifyoushouldchangeyourmind,noonewouldblameyou.万一你改变主意，谁也不会怨你。2．在than，as等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。HerunsasfastasBob(runs)．他和鲍勃跑得一样快。【即景活用2】单句写作①Remembertocalmdownwhen.记得有麻烦时要冷静。②Hisopinion,whether，wouldbeconsidered.他的意见，无论对错，都会被考虑。③Youshouldn'tgotohispartyunless.你不应该去他的聚会，除非你被邀请。④Asweallknow,YaoMingistaller.众所周知，姚明比我们大多数人高。答案：①(youare)introuble②(itis)rightorwrong③(youare)invited④thanmostofus答案(二)定语从句中的省略1．在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whom，which，that可省略(但whom，which紧跟在介词后时不能省略)。He'stheman(who/that/whom)youwanttosee.他是你想见的那个人。2．theway作先行词，关系词that/inwhich在定语从句中作状语时，关系词可以省略；如果关系词that/which在定语从句中作宾语，则that/which也可省略。Thatistheway(inwhich/that)wesolvedtheproblem.那就是我们解决那个问题的方法。【即景活用3】单句写作①Wedon'tlikehedoesthejob.我们不喜欢他工作的方式。②Thecomputerwassoldout.我想买的那种电脑卖光了。答案：①theway(that/inwhich)②(which/that)Iwantedtobuy答案(三)宾语从句中的省略1．及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词后接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。Itrulybelieve(that)beautycomesfromwithin.我真的相信美丽来自内心。2．when,where,how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。Youwerelateagain,andIhopeyouwillexplainwhy(youwerelateagain)．你又迟到了，我希望你能解释一下为什么。【即景活用4】单句写作①Iitwillclearupthisafternoonandthattheywillcometosaygoodbyetous.我认为今天下午天会放晴，他们会来向我们告别。②Ourteacherwillcomehere,butIdon'tknow.我们的老师将要来这儿，但是我不知道他什么时候来。答案：①think(that)②when(hewillcome)答案课后演练提能[基础题]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2018·浙江高考改编)Whileregularly(eat)outseemstohavebecomecommonformanyyoungpeopleinrecentyears,it'snotwithoutacost.答案：eating答案2．—Didyoutellherthebadnews?—Yes,butI'drathernot.答案：have答案3．—Haveyougotanyparticularplansforthecomingwintervacation?—Yes,possible,I'mgoingtovisitmygrandparents.答案：if答案4．(2017·天津高考)Butthatisnotwhatmanypeoplehaveinmindwhen(think)ofdriverlesscars.答案：thinking答案5．Hisjobistotakecareoftheeldersand(wash)theirclothes.答案：wash答案Ⅱ.单句写作(用省略形式)1．Theyattendedthemeetingontime.正如计划的一样，他们按时出席了会议。答案：asplanned答案2．tothemarket，theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.当这些产品首次投放市场时，获得了巨大的成功。答案：Whenfirstintroduced答案3．Theearthisouronlyhome.Ifwedon'tcareaboutit,whoelse？地球是我们唯一的家园。如果我们不关注它，谁关注它？答案：will答案4．Hewillcomeback，butwedon'tknow.他会回来的，可是我们不知道他什么时候回来。答案：when(hewillcomeback)答案5．Imustgetitdone.无论付出什么代价，我都要把这件事做完。答案：whateverthecost(maybe)答案[能力题]Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2019·辽宁省五校协作高三联合模拟)Airbags,nowfoundinalmosteveryvehicle,havesavedcountlesslivesandlargelyreducedtheseriousnessofinjuriesincrashes.Similartechnologycouldgreatlyreducebrokenhips(髋部)resultingfromafall,somethingmostseniorsfear.DrRobertBuckmanandhisstart­upcompany,ActiveProtectiveinAllentown,Pennsylvania,hasdevelopedapromisingsolution,awearableairbagthatcanprotecthipbonesintheeventofafall.TheideawastheresultofDrBuckman'syearsasadoctoratTempleUniversity.Henoticedhowmanyelderlypeoplewerebeingbroughtintohospitalswithbrokenhipsduetofalls,andhowtheyoftennevercompletelyrecoveredfromtheinjuries.Hestartedtoaskwhathecoulddoforthesepeople,andthatwaswhenhestartedtryingtofigureoutwhethertherewasawayofhelpingpeoplewhowereatthehighestri