2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 1 Great scientists Section Ⅲ

SectionⅢGrammar—过去分词作定语和表语语法图解探究发现①Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.②Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.③Hebecameinterestedintwotheoriesthatpossiblyexplainedhowcholerakilledpeople.④Fromthestomachthediseasequicklyattackedthebodyandsoontheaffectedpersondied.⑤Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.⑥HefoundthatitcamefromtheriverpollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon.⑦HeimmediatelytoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreettoremovethehandlefromthepumpsothatitcouldnotbeused.⑧WiththisextraevidenceJohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertaintythatpollutedwatercarriedthegerms.[我的发现](1)例句①②④⑥⑦⑧中的过去分词(短语)作。(2)例句②④⑦⑧中为单个的过去分词作定语，常常放于被修饰名词的；例句①⑥中过去分词短语作定语，常常放于被修饰名词的。(3)例句③⑤中的过去分词在句中作。定语前面后面表语一、过去分词作定语1．过去分词作定语时的位置(1)前置定语一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。Thepollutedwaterwastoblameforthespreadofcholera.被污染的水造成了霍乱的传播。Thegroundiscoveredwiththefallenleaves.地面上覆盖着落叶。[点津]①有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的)，given(所给的)，concerned(有关的)等。Therearefewtigersleft.Itistimeforthedepartmentsconcernedtotakemeasurestoprotectthemfromdyingout.剩余的老虎不多了，是相关当局采取措施保护它们免遭灭绝的时候了。②如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no与thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等，单个分词放在被修饰词的后面。Isthereanythingunsolved?还有什么没解决的吗？(2)后置定语过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。HaveyoureadthenovelwrittenbyDickens(＝whichiswrittenbyDickens)?你读过狄更斯写的这部小说吗？即时演练11－1.单句语法填空①“Things(lose)nevercomeagain！”Icouldn'thelptalkingtomyself.②Pricesofdailygoods(buy)throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.lostbought1－2.句型转换③Theplayersselectedfromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame.→Theplayersareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame.④Therarefish,whichwassavedfromthecookingpot,hasbeenreturnedtothesea.→Therarefish,,hasbeenreturnedtothesea.whowereselectedfromthewholecountrysavedfromthecookingpot2．过去分词作定语时的意义(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时也不表示时间性。Time,usedcorrectly,ismoneyinthebank.(表被动)时间如果用得正确的话，就是存在银行里的钱。TsinghuaUniversity,foundedin1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.(表被动和完成)建立于1911年的清华大学是大量杰出人物的所在地。(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语，它不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。Ourretiredsoccercoachwenttowatchusplayagamelastweek.上周我们已退休的足球教练去看我们打了一场比赛。Therisensunisshiningbrightlyinthemorning.早上已升起的太阳正明亮地照耀。即时演练2请判断下列句子中的过去分词作定语属于哪种情况A．只表被动B．只表完成C．既表被动又表完成①Americaisadevelopedcountry.②IfoundithardtounderstandtheEnglish(thatwas)spokenbythenativevillagers.③Isthereanythingplannedfortheweekend？BAC3．过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别进行主动现在分词完成被动过去分词时态语态意义形式fallingleaves正在飘落的树叶fallenleaves落叶已落下的树叶therisingsun正在升起的太阳therisensun升起了的太阳boilingwater沸腾的水boiledwater白开水developingcountries发展中国家developedcountries发达国家即时演练3完成句子①—Whoistheman?—Aprofessoronphysics.——后面跟着一群学生的那位男士是谁？——做物理研究的一位教授。②Thenextthinghesawwassmoke.紧接着，他看到从房子后面升起了烟。followedbyagroupofstudentsdoingresearchrisingfrombehindthehouse4．过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(beingdone)与动词不定式的被动语态(tobedone)作定语的区别尚未发生被动tobedone进行被动beingdone完成被动done时态语态意义形式Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisourclassroombuilding.去年建造的楼现在是我们的教学楼。Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisourclassroombuilding.现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。Thebuildingtobebuiltnextmonthisourclassroombuilding.下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。即时演练4单句语法填空①Thecars(sell)atthemarketnowaremadeinGuangzhou.②We'rehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision(make)atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.③Thecomputercenter,(open)in2015,isintendedtohelptheresearcherstosearchfortherelevantinformationontheInternet.beingsoldtobeopenedmade二、过去分词作表语5．过去分词可放在连系动词be,get,feel,remain,seem,look,become等词后作表语，表示主语所处的状态。Helookedworriedafterreadingtheletter.看完信后，他显得很忧虑。Whenweheardofit,weweredeeplymoved.当我们听到这件事时，被深深地感动了。即时演练55－1.单句语法填空①(福建高考)InApril,thousandsofholidaymakersremained(stick)abroadduetothevolcanicashcloud.②(四川高考)Ladiesandgentlemen,pleaseremain(seat)untiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.5－2.完成句子③Whydoyoualways?你为什么总是看上去很疲劳？④IatthefilmIsawlastnight.Ihadexpectedittobebetter.我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能好看些。stuckseatedlooktiredwasdisappointed6．过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态；而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。Thecupisbroken.杯子破了。(系表结构)ThecupwasbrokenbyTom.杯子是汤姆打破的。(被动语态)即时演练6对比翻译①这本书写得很好。②这本书是他去年写的。Thebookiswellwritten.Thebookwaswrittenbyhimlastyear.7．感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别：过去分词作表语多表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常译作“感到……的”；现在分词多表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人……的”。Weweresurprisedatwhathesaidatthemeeting.我们对他在会上讲的话很是惊讶。Hiswordsarediscouraging,whichmademanypeoplediscouraged.他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。[点津]英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。常用的这类词有：exciting令人激动的excited激动的；兴奋的astonishing令人惊讶的astonished惊讶的delighting令人高兴的delighted高兴的disappointing令人失望的disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的encouraged受到鼓舞的frightening令人害怕的frightened吓坏了的interesting令人感兴趣的interested感兴趣的moving感人的moved受感动的pleasing令人高兴的pleased满意的shocking令人震惊的shocked感到震惊的tiring令人劳累的tired感到劳累的worrying令人担心的worried感到担心的satisfying令人满意的satisfied感到满意的puzzling令人迷惑的puzzled感到迷惑的即时演练7用所给词的适当形式填空①Thelookonherfacesuggestedthatshewasbythescene.(frighten)②Thenewswasandtheywereallatit.(excite)③Weallfeltatthenews.(encourage)④Theaudiencewerealltotearsbythefilm.(mo