2018小升初英语总复习 第三章 句型 第一节 陈述句课件

第三章句型在英语中，根据句子用途的不同，可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四类。此外，therebe句型作为一种特殊而重要的句型，在小学阶段也应注意掌握。知识梳理一、陈述句的概念陈述句是用来陈述事实或者说话人的看法的句子。它包括肯定句和否定句两种。在书写时句末用句点，在朗读时用降调。如：Thisisanicebook.()Susanlikesmathsverymuch.()Myfatherdoesn’tgotoworkonweekends.()Theyaren’tgoingtoclimbthemountainthisSaturday.()第一节陈述句二、肯定句变否定句的基本方法1.句中有be动词的句子：变为否定句时只需在be动词后加not。如：(1)IaminGradeSixthisyear.→I’mnot(Iamnot)inGradeSixthisyear.(2)Mikeisgoingtoplayfootballthisafternoon.→Mikeisn’t(isnot)goingtoplayfootballthisafternoon.(3)Theseareredapples.→Thesearen’t(arenot)redapples.(4)Itwasafinedayyesterday.→Itwasn’t(wasnot)afinedayyesterday.(5)Wewerehappyatthattime.→Weweren’t(werenot)happyatthattime.2.句中含有情态动词的句子：变为否定句时只需在情态动词后加not。如：(1)Petercanfly.→Petercan’t(cannot)fly.(2)Youshouldstopsmokingnow.→Youshouldn’t(shouldnot)stopsmokingnow.3.实义动词的否定句:谓语动词为行为动词的句子变为否定句时，要根据时态选用do的相应形式(do,does,did)，并在其后加not。如：(1)Ilikelisteningtomusic.→Idon’tlikelisteningtomusic.（2）Myfatherlikesplayingsports.→Myfatherdoesn’tlikeplayingsports.(3)Grandmadoeshouseworkeveryday.→Grandmadoesn’tdohouseworkeveryday.(4)Hedidhishomeworklastnight.→Hedidn’tdohishomeworklastnight.【注】加donot,doesnot或didnot改为否定句以后，要把原句的动词改为动词原形，特别是当原句中的谓语动词是第三人称单数形式does或过去式did时，改为否定句一定要记得在doesn’t或didn’t之后加上do。4.几种特殊形式的否定句(1)肯定句中含有every其改为no如：Everythingisready．→Nothingisready．(2)肯定句中含有always，usually或ever时，变为否定句时将其改为never。如：Heisalwayslateforschool．→Heisneverlateforschool．Iusuallygototheparkonfoot.→Inevergototheparkonfoot.(3)肯定句中含有many或much时，变为否定句时将其改为few或little。如：Manystudentsknowhim．→Fewstudentsknowhim．Thereismuchmilkinthebottle.→Thereislittlemilkinthebottle.(4)肯定句中含有both，both…and…或all时，变为否定句时将其改为neither，neither…nor…或none，并注意谓语动词要相应变化。如：Bothofusarestudents．→Neitherofusisastudent．BothyouandIareright.→NeitheryounorIamright.Allthestudentsareintheclassroom.→Noneofthestudentsisintheclassroom.(5)“Ithink…”句式变为否定句时，只要在think之前加don’t即可。如：Ithinkyouareright.→Idon’tthinkyouareright.考点精析考点1考查陈述句基础句型的运用能力【例1】根据图片将句子补充完整，每空一词。1.Thisruleris_______________.2.They___________________________.解析：本题考查学生对陈述句基本句型的运用能力。第1小题的句子形式是：主语+系动词+表语。因此，横线上需要填上一个单词或短语对主语进行修饰或限定。第2题只给出了主语They,只要能根据图片内容写出符合图意的句子，并保证句子语句通顺和语法正确就可以了。答案：1.long2.likeplayingfootball/areplayingfootball举一反三1.改错，选出错误项的字母编号并改正在后面的横线上。()(1)Mybrotherisplayingpiano.ABC()(2)Someboyscomesinhappily.ABC()(3)It’sgoingtowarmtomorrow.ABCCBBplayingthepianocomeinbewarm2.用括号内所给动词的适当填空。(1)There_____somebagsintheroom.Theblackone_____mine.(be)(2)Ahorse_____run,butit_____fly.(can)(3)Davidalways_____hishomeworkat7:00p.m.(do)(4)Look,thefish______________inthewater.Theyaresocute.（swim）areiscancan'tdoesareswimming考点2考查陈述句的句式转换【例2】按要求转换句型。1.Todayisarainyday.(改为否定句)2.Hedoessportsthreetimesaweek.(改为否定句)解析：本题考查肯定句和否定句的转换，要注意转换规则。第1小题中有be动词is，则只需要在is之后加上not即可；第2小题中没有be动词，而是行为动词do的三单形式does，在改写否定句的时候，要先加上doesn’t,然后再将原来的does还原为do,放在does之后，这种题是最容易出错的。答案：1.Todayisn’tarainyday.2.Hedoesn’tdosportsthreetimesaweek.举一反三根据括号内动词的提示，将下列句子改为否定句。1.Sarah_____(can)swim.2.I_____(do)wanttoeatmorecandies.3.Atiger_____(can)fly,butitcanjump.4.You________(should)putonyourjacket.5.You_______(must)smokehere.6.It_______(was)rainyyesterday.can'tdon'tcan'tshouldn'tmustn'twasn't过关检测1.单项填空。()1.Myfather_____likeapples.A．isn’tB.doesn’tC．don’t()2.I_____likepopmusic.A．isn’tB.doesn’tC．don’t()3.I_____gotoschoolyesterday.A．doB．don’tC．didn’t()4.—What’sthis?—_____abook.A．ThatisB．It’sC．This()5.I_____manybirthdaypresents.A．amB．hasC．haveBCCBC()6.Mymother_____badmintonwell.A．isplayB．playC．plays()7.I_____freelastSunday.A．amB．didC．was()8.Thegirlreads_____.A．loudB．loudlyC．loudy()9.Mymotherwouldlike_____somemeat.A．buyB．buyingC．tobuy()10.Hereisacard_____yourfather.A．inB．fromC．toCCBCB二、将下列句子改为否定句，每空一词。1.Thisisadesk.This_____adesk.2.Mysistercandrawpictures.Mysister_____drawpictures.3.Wedomorningexerciseseveryday．We__________morningexerciseseveryday．4.Mikedoeshishomeworkafterdinner.Mike_____________hishomeworkafterdinner.5.Mygrandparentsdidsportsinthegardenyesterday.Mygrandparents____________sportsinthegardenyesterday.isn’tcan’tdon’tdodoesn’tdodidn’tdo6．Thereissomethingwrongwithmybike．There_____________/______________wrongwithmybike．7．BothJoanandIareinClassOne._______Joan_____I_____inClassOne．8．Allofuscanswim．_______________canswim．9．Youcanplaybasketballhere.You_____playbasketballhere．10．Ithinkitisgoingtoraintomorrow．I_______________goingtoraintomorrow．isn’tanythingisnothingNeithernoramNoneofuscan’tdon’tthinkit’s三、按要求改写下列句子。1.Thisisabanana.（改为复数形式）_____________________________________2.Therearesomeapplesonthedesk.（改为否定句）_____________________________________3.Ifeelbadlastnight.（改为同义句）_____________________________________4.I’mgoingtoBeijingnextweek.（改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答）__________________________________________________________________________Thesearebananas.Therearen’tanyapplesonthedesk.Ididn’tfeelwelllastnight.—AreyougoingtoBeijingnextweek?—Yes,Iam.四、连词成句。1.sister’s，my，shorter，hair，is，mine，than（.）___________________________________________2.should，you，read，loudly，English（.）___________________________________________3.there，some，noodles，are，the，an，egg，and，on，plate（.）