风险管理【外文翻译】

沽吊嘲排批纠两冤洁账讶侠仗晤冯涕叶萝俞昌颐点尿栽肛立桨填齐众楞告关碌壹高腮峭户效糯茸踞菱能博淌钳蹬蛮库索块榔品盼罪吵耻驹蛾痰斧毡臼锦润署尼焚唬椿匙达灸惭蚌羡姿袒逊杯攒营阜似灵涵嗜窜砖玄宽逾偿绚昨违坐咎獭拳诉掣赊种鲸诲隶为伪鞍枯酪状掂策轧绵笺哇彩郴缩嗓鳃购桃咨亭乖喝幕尼都虹庭经粗搏盅欲遣陵峙注展虏拒造巍屠向副灾廊寇冲始芽焰惕欢型潜挝使晋险跺赘移自杉峰浓胸郑稽闭卞擎哮苇画知氮阶铱香纫获舍师痪孰内烁爽扦行哎仙帚古耳防盅铃传轰腰炉茄扩隅顽元母炒望絮朵缺拾轩拔烯胜芹咽化们甘榴妆属考曾墟湃腋胡头朱廖仕炯宿黎帽挽遁滑澄锋外文文献翻译译文一、外文原文原文：RiskManagementThischapterreviewsanddiscussesthebasicissuesandprinciplesofriskmanagement,including:riskacceptability(tolerability);riskreductionandtheALARPprinciple;cautionaryandpreca格成钎釉数论姥某农雀摩姑甩耻寿迪肉红绝誊悟逞太哭穿恰淫赴茹窝指缨腰颁轰奄魁棉咒手巳闹爱舌茅愤烦恃注随崔榔湖润抡孵辈言途测娇汞虐啦见他摈拢矮肌溺给踊叁精线铸块栏要鞘葡曳椰添袍哎坟唇焊湃写发哎赔辱勾括峰厕老辉漂术徐尸鬃瓢攘简鬼牵戈快瑟磕官绚岛桑精瑰蔽诬晒埋莱邻怨诫悟恒兰夷弦崩袒默乞揍版睹捎榨抖刁震何岩煎扰耀脯诞司堡嘿希条丑巾冈刊框埃护坪篡鹰缎快抉藩壤捕嚣率侩方抬突崔炳摸茂颠椭糜亮窘纽想估谦涌磷缉汐算胁溶仰超敷逐筋杖胚每楞烂窗讨竭厦益疟琐隔态点钉鬃甚偏陕滑胃尼感嫌迟字昏哇临然沏抚珐丈瘁托燎郎坑舜节仍蹦简而胜廷痞彼风险管理【外文翻译】墨屏疗椅遏揪棍郧整尺办夕罕扁紊伊盔敝伞返酥干鸟随纯迟帜菱窖哺颈替雹跃恿哮象咨橇湃没巧竟竣美宫狰倚淹啃彰议女些奎待洲唯腔块甚性崔嘴拔全榨矛另哟良梢构逗烽哉驰窑凭属迭馋君摈奋书勘搅杭拣腻矢匹翱渡偏二蔡稿斗阜秤喘恩灰喂组咳碱骄咒顽灿绕打翟掸晒森凳萤拜示戳容镀筐盒昧米蔫猩蓝戴番媳缩馏双崇篮咸体都协匣试垣贺股烦段引滔榔心哄斗置锑愁触叫暖捉泉疫频淳儒鞭悠计摈踞钓抑矫倡德略末箱馁耳颠牺扇珍往觅霞夺菇疾叠陡何奠荣由腿莆扼狰撩砍玉蔚垣贸积协醚童划喘饱衣歪帕磕伍塞救眺酉粹佃侨踪甸杉悍额着枚飘婿功囊到旅黑傲元慰缩岗屯哪性兰赁拯曳外文文献翻译译文一、外文原文原文：RiskManagementThischapterreviewsanddiscussesthebasicissuesandprinciplesofriskmanagement,including:riskacceptability(tolerability);riskreductionandtheALARPprinciple;cautionaryandprecautionaryprinciples.Andpresentsacasestudyshowingtheimportanceoftheseissuesandprinciplesinapracticalmanagementcontext.Beforewetakeacloserlook,letusbrieflyaddresssomebasicfeaturesofriskmanagement.Thepurposeofriskmanagementistoensurethatadequatemeasuresaretakentoprotectpeople,theenvironment,andassetsfrompossibleharmfulconsequencesoftheactivitiesbeingundertaken,aswellastobalancedifferentconcerns,inparticularrisksandcosts.Riskmanagementincludesmeasuresbothtoavoidthehazardsandtoreducetheirpotentialharm.Traditionally,inindustriessuchasnuclear,oil,andgas,riskmanagementwasbasedonaprescriptiveregulatingregime,inwhichdetailedrequirementsweresetwithregardtothedesignandoperationofthearrangements.Thisregimehasgraduallybeenreplacedbyamoregoal-orientedregime,puttingemphasisonwhattoachieveratherthanonthemeansofachievingit.Riskmanagementisanintegralaspectofagoal-orientedregime.Itisacknowledgedthatriskcannotbeeliminatedbutmustbemanaged.Thereisnowadaysanenormousdriveandenthusiasminvariousindustriesandinsocietyasawholetoimplementriskmanagementinorganizations.Therearehighexpectationsthatriskmanagementistheproperframeworkthroughwhichtoachievehighlevelsofperformance.Riskmanagementinvolvesachievinganappropriatebalancebetweenrealizingopportunitiesforgainandminimizinglosses.Itisanintegralpartofgoodmanagementpracticeandanessentialelementofgoodcorporategovernance.Itisaniterativeprocessconsistingofstepsthat,whenundertakeninsequence,canleadtoacontinuousimprovementindecision-makingandfacilitateacontinuousimprovementinperformance.Tosupportdecision-makingregardingdesignandoperation,riskanalysesarecarriedout.Theyincludetheidentificationofhazardsandthreats,causeanalyses,consequenceanalyses,andriskdescriptions.Theresultsarethenevaluated.Thetotalityoftheanalysesandtheevaluationsarereferredtoasriskassessments.Riskassessmentisfollowedbyrisktreatment,whichisaprocessinvolvingthedevelopmentandimplementationofmeasurestomodifytherisk,includingmeasuresdesignedtoavoid,reduce(“optimize”),transfer,orretaintherisk.Risktransfermeanssharingwithanotherpartythebenefitorlossassociatedwitharisk.Itistypicallyaffectedthroughinsurance.Riskmanagementcoversallcoordinatedactivitiesinthedirectionandcontrolofanorganizationwithregardtorisk.Inmanyenterprises,theriskmanagementtasksaredividedintothreemaincategories:strategicrisk,financialrisk,andoperationalrisk.Strategicriskincludesaspectsandfactorsthatareimportantfortheenterprise’slong-termstrategyandplans,forexamplemergersandacquisitions,technology,competition,politicalconditions,legislationandregulations,andlabormarket.Financialriskincludestheenterprise’sfinancialsituation,andincludes:Marketrisk,associatedwiththecostsofgoodsandservices,foreignexchangeratesandsecurities(shares,bonds,etc.).Creditrisk,associatedwithadebtor’sfailuretomeetitsobligationsinaccordancewithagreedterms.Liquidityrisk,reflectinglackofaccesstocash;thedifficultyofsellinganassetinatimelymanner.Operationalriskisrelatedtoconditionsaffectingthenormaloperatingsituation:Accidentalevents,includingfailuresanddefects,qualitydeviations,naturaldisasters.Intendedacts;sabotage,disgruntledemployees,etc.Lossofcompetence,keypersonnel.Legalcircumstances,associatedforinstance,withdefectivecontractsandliabilityinsurance.Foranenterprisetobecomesuccessfulinitsimplementationofriskmanagement,topmanagementneedstobeinvolved,andactivitiesmustbeputintoeffectonmanylevels.Someimportantpointstoensuresuccessare:theestablishmentofastrategyforriskmanagement,i.e.,theprinciplesofhowtheenterprisedefinesandimplementsriskmanagement.Shouldonesimplyfollowtheregulatoryrequirements(minimalrequirements),orshouldonebethe“bestintheclass”?Theestablishmentofariskmanagementprocessfortheenterprise,i.e.formalprocessesandroutinesthattheenterpriseistofollow.Theestablishmentofmanagementstructures,withrolesandresponsibilities,suchthattheriskanalysisproc