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-1-SectionⅢGrammar——短语动词语境自主领悟先观察原句①Thistrafficproblemledtothedevelopmentoftheundergroundsystem.②In1884,theMetropolitanRailwayCompanyandtheMetropolitanDistrictRailwaylinkedup...③WhenLondonwasbombed,manyundergroundstationsfunctionedasbombshelters.④Butyouwillhavetofillinaformandthenwewilldecideonthebestway.⑤Wecouldsplitupintogroups,andcomeatdifferenttimes.⑥Icancallyoubacklater.后自主感悟1.所有例句中黑体部分在句中作谓语;它们不是一个词单独作谓语而是由动词加一个介词或副词一起作谓语。2.例句①、例句③和例句④中黑体部分的构成特点是它们都是由动词加介词构成的,相当于及物动词,可以直接带宾语。3.例句②中黑体部分的构成特点是由动词加副词构成的,其后不接宾语;若接宾语,需要加介词,如例句⑤。4.例句⑥中黑体部分的构成特点是由动词加副词构成的,其后可以加宾语。宾语为代词时,必须放在动词与副词之间。动词常与其他词类(多是介词和副词)搭配在一起,构成固定词组,称之为短语动词。一、短语动词常见的构成方式及特点1.动词+副词该类短语动词分及物的和不及物的两类。Pleaseturnoffeverylightinthehouse.请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。(及物)Harryturnedupafterthepartywheneveryonehadleft.晚会后,人们都已离去,哈里出现了。(不及物)2.动词+介词(及物)Takingenoughexercisecontributestogoodhealth.进行足够的锻炼有助于身体健康。[名师点津]-2-同一动词和不同介词搭配时,意义上有很大差异。lookafter照料;lookat看;lookfor寻找;lookinto调查。3.动词+副词+介词Ilookforwardtoseeingyousoon.我期望不久就能见到你。[名师点津](1)及物动词短语后的宾语为名词时,副词放在宾语前后皆可。但如果宾语较长,就应避免把副词同动词分开。(2)如果宾语是人称代词,只能放在动词和副词之间。Hegavethesecretaway.=Hegaveawaythesecret.他泄露了秘密。Thebasketisverylight.Icaneasilypickitup.篮子很轻,我可以容易地提起来。[即时训练1]用适当的介词或副词填空①Innowaycanwegiveuphalfway.②Howdiditcomeaboutthatheshouldbelateforsuchanimportantmeeting?③Hehasalreadysetuphisownbusinessanditgetsalongverywell.④Sorry,IhavetolookaftermysickmothersoI'mafraidIcan'tgotherewithyou.二、常见重点短语动词1.以break为中心的短语动词breakawayfrom脱离,逃离,甩掉breakdown破坏,粉碎,瓦解;出故障,抛锚breakinto闯入;强行进入breakout爆发,发生breakthrough突破breakup解散;结束2.以bring为中心的短语动词bringabout导致,引起,促使bringback带回;使回忆;使恢复bringdown使下降,降低;打倒bringout使显出;使显现;出版;生产bringup抚养,养育,培养-3-bringin赚得,挣;引入;收获(农作物等)3.以call为中心的短语动词callfor需要,要求callin召集calloff取消,停止进行callon拜访(某人),号召callout大声喊,唤起callup打电话给……;使想起4.以come为中心的短语动词comeabout发生comeacross偶然发现,遇到comedown倒下;降落;跌落;病倒cometo苏醒;复原;共计;达到comeup走近;上楼;流行起来;发芽;上来;(问题)被提出comeupwith提出;想出comeout出版;产生5.以get为中心的短语动词getacross度过,通过,横过;说服;使被理解getalong(with)(与……)相处;进展getaround走动;传播;影响;说服getdownto认真对待,静下心来getoff送走;脱下(衣服);下车;动身getover恢复,痊愈;克服;完成getridof除去,去掉;免除;摆脱getholdof抓住;把握;得到;联系getthrough拨通;到达;完成;通过6.以give为中心的短语动词giveaway赠送;放弃;泄露;颁发giveback归还;反射givein屈服,让步,投降giveoff发出(烟,气味等)giveout分发,公布,发出;(使)筋疲力尽;用完giveup放弃;停止givewayto让步,退却;屈服于-4-7.以go为中心的短语动词goabout走来走去;(谣言等)流传goagainst反对;不利于goahead前进,进展,继续goby经过,过去goinfor喜欢;参加;赞成;从事goover温习,检查gothrough审查;履行;通过;经历;忍受goup上升,上涨gowithout无须,没有……也行8.以look为中心的短语动词lookabout四下环顾;查看lookaround东张西望,环视lookbackon/upon...回顾……lookdownon/upon俯视;轻视lookforwardto盼望;期待lookinto窥视;调查;浏览lookon/upon旁观;对待lookon/upon...as...把……看作……lookout向外看;注意;当心,提防lookover从上面看过去;检查,忽略lookthrough透过……看去;看穿;浏览,彻底调查lookup查阅;抬头看;好转lookupto仰望;尊敬[即时训练2]选词填空①Thesoundofthehappylaughtercalledup(callfor/callup)memoriesofhischildhood.②Goover(goabout/goover)yourlessonsagainbeforetheexam.③Agoodspeakerissupposedtomanagetogetacrossto(getacrossto/getdownto)thelistenerswhathemeans.④Today'schildrenareraisedinawaythatistotallydifferentfromhowtheirparentswerebroughtup(bringon/bringup).-5-Ⅰ.用适当的介词或副词填空1.Makesurehowmanypeoplearegoingtobringinthewheattomorrow.2.Shewastoofattogetthroughthedoor.3.Theoldladygaveawaymostofhersavingstohelpthosepoorchildrenwhocouldn'tgotoschool.4.It'dbemuchbettertoputoffthemeetingtillnextweek.5.Thegovernmentcallsoneveryonetoprotectourenvironment.6.Thoughbroughtupinthecountryside,headaptedtothecitylifequickly.7.Wehavedecidedonthedateandtheplacefortravelling.8.Kidsareusuallyeasilytakenin,soweshouldtakegoodcareofthem.Ⅱ.完成句子1.Ican'tbuyanything,becausemymoneyhasrunoutalready.什么也不能买了,因为我的钱已经用完了。2.Ifyouteamupwithyourclassmates,youwillsurelygetthesameworkdonefarbetter.如果你跟同学合作的话,相同的工作你会做得好得多。3.Sometimesdriversgivehimatip,sothathehasjustenoughmoneytoliveon.有时司机们会给他小费,所以他刚好有足够的钱来维持生存。4.Theoldworkerputforwardaverypracticalplanatthemeetingyesterday,butitwasturneddownbythemanager.那位老工人昨天在会上提出了一个非常实用的计划,但被经理拒绝了。5.Generallyspeaking,studentslookuptotheteacherswhoareknowledgeableandpatient.一般来说,学生尊敬博学、耐心的老师。6.Itisreportedthatthepolicewillsoonlookintothecaseoftwomissingchildren.据报道,警察很快就会调查两个失踪孩子的案件。7.Societytodayofferstheyounggenerationmorechancestoshowofftheirtalentandskills.当今社会给年轻一代提供了更多的机会来展示他们的才能和技能。8.Theelectionwentagainsthimatfirst,buthewonatlast.选举开始时对他不利,但最终他获胜了。-6-9.Wehadtobreakintothehouseaswehadlostthekey.因为我们弄丢了钥匙,所以不得不破门而入。10.Ihopeyoucancomeupwithabetterplanthanthis.我希望你们能提出一个比这个更好的计划。
本文标题:2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 4 Public transport Section Ⅲ
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