（新课标）2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 3 Computers Section Ⅲ Le

1SectionⅢLearningaboutLanguage现在完成时的被动语态[新知导引]1．(教材原句P18)OvertimeIhave_been_changed(change)quitealot.2．(教材原句P18)Sincethe1970smanynewapplicationshave_been_found(find)forme.3．(教材原句P18)Ihave_been_used(use)inofficesandhomessincethe1970s.4．Theinkhas_not_been_removedfromtheclothes.5．Haven'tyourproblembeensolved?6．Howmanybuildingshave_been_builtinyourschool?[共性呈现]1．以上几句中的时态和语态是现在完成时的被动语态。2．以上几句中第①②③句是该时态的肯定句式；第④句是否定句式；第⑤句是一般疑问句式；第⑥句是特殊疑问句式。[语法精释]一、结构肯定式主语＋have/hasbeendone...否定式主语＋have/hasnotbeendone...一般疑问式Have/Has＋主语＋beendone...？特殊疑问式疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋beendone...？①Hehasbeenselectedtotakepartinthesportsmeeting.他已被挑选出来参加运动会。②Theinkhasnotbeenremovedfromhisovercoat.墨迹还没有从他外套上去掉。③Hasthedateforthenextmeetingbeendecided?下次会议的日期已决定了吗？④Howlonghasthebatterynotbeenchanged?电池多久没有更换了？2[即时演练1]变换句子Thechildrenhavealreadybeentoldthegoodnews.(1)将上面的句子变为否定句。The_children_haven't_been_told_the_good_news_yet.(2)将上面的句子变为一般疑问句。Have_the_children_been_told_the_good_news_yet?(3)将上面的句子对thechildren进行提问。Who_has_been_told_the_good_news_yet?二、用法1．现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already,yet,just,never,recently等副词连用。Themachinehasalreadybeenrepaired.机器已经修好了。2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“Howlong...？”句型中。Financialproblemsofthecompanyhavebeendiscussedfornearlytwohours.公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时了。Howlonghasthisfilmbeenshown?这部电影已放映多长时间了？3．用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。Youshouldn'tleaveschoolbeforeyourhomeworkhasbeenfinished.在你的作业没完成之前你不应该离开学校。[名师点津]常与现在完成时连用的时间状语：already已经yet已经recently/lately最近sincethen从那时起eversince自那以来ever曾经sofar迄今为止foralongtime很长一段时间bynow到现在为止inrecentyears在最近几年里3in/during/overthepast/lastyears在过去的几年里[即时演练2](1)用现在完成时的被动语态改写句子①Jack'sbosshasalwayspraisedhimforhisdevotiontowork.→Jackhas_always_been_praisedbyhisbossforhisdevotiontowork.②Theyhavefoundagoodplacetobuildatempleinthevillage.→Agoodplacehas_been_foundtobuildatempleinthevillage.③Wehaven'tyetdecidedhowtosolvethatdifficulttechnologicalproblem.→Howtosolvethatdifficulttechnologicalproblemhasn't_been_decidedyet.(2)补全句子①Iwillgohomewhenmyhomeworkhas_been_finished.当我的家庭作业完成时我就回家。②Papermoneyhas_been_usedforoveronethousandyears.纸币已被使用了1,000多年了。三、注意事项1．只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。Hisbosshasalreadypunishedhim.→Hehasalreadybeenpunished(byhisboss)．2．带有双宾语的动词，如give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,pay,lend,pass,promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。Thecompanyhasgivenhimachancetoworkabroadrecently.→Hehasbeengivenachancetoworkabroadrecently(bythecompany)．→Achancetoworkabroadhasbeengiventohimrecently(bythecompany)．[即时演练3]将下面句子变为被动语态(1)Ihaveaskedhertohelpyou.→She_has_been_asked_to_help_you.(2)Wehaveplantedmanytreesonthehillinthelast5years.→Many_trees_have_been_planted_on_the_hill_in_the_last_5_years.(3)Hehassentmeane­mail.→I_have_been_sent_an_e­mail.→An_e­mail_has_been_sent_to_me.4Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Theirnewhousehasbeendecorated(decorate)fortwomonthsandtheywillsettleinitinthenearfuture.2．Alltheathleteshave_been_selected(select)frommillionsofpeoplealloverthecountryinthepasttwomonths.3．Anewlibraryinourschoolhas_been_set(set)upsofarandtheywillbeputintouseverysoon.4．Agreatmanymachineshave_been_produced(produce)bythefactorysincethetechnologicalrevolution.5．Greatchangeshave_taken(take)placeinmyhometownandyoucanseethatalotoffactorieshave_been_set(set)up.6．It'sthefirsttimethattheoldcomputerhas_been_checked(check)sinceIboughtit.7．Sinceyourworkhas_been_finished(finish),youcanhavearestnow.8．Morethan100famousfilmshave_been_shown(show)inthecitysinceJuly.9．Tom'snovelhasnotbeen_published(publish)．10．Threenewschoolshave_been_opened(open)inourcityinthepastfiveyears.Ⅱ.语法与写作1．The_boys_have_been_told_many_times(男孩们已经被多次告知)nottoswiminthatlake,butitdoesn'tmakeanydifference.2．WearegladtobetoldthatLiTaohas_been_admitted_to_Fudan_University(已经被复旦大学录取)forhistopscoreintheMathsContest.3．Withthehelpofhightechnology,moreandmorenewmaterialshave_been_discovered(已经被发现)inthepastyears.4．Whenandwheretogofortheon­salaryholidayhas_not_been_decided(没有确定)yet.5．Thoughwedon'tknowwhatwasdiscussed,yetwecanfeelthetopichas_been_changed(改变了)．6．People'shealthhas_been_greatly_affected(受到了很大的影响)byair,noiseandwater.5Ⅲ.语法填空Asastudentincollege,gettingyourfirstcar1.________(be)anexcitingevent.However,sincestudents2.________(general)donothaveanyexperienceinbuyingcars,it'sagoodideatodosomeresearchfirst.Herearesomeuseful3.________(suggest)forstudentsonbuyingacar.Firstly,youneedtotakecosts4.________consideration.Somecarsbreakdownmoreoftenthanothersandneedmuchmoney,somakesuretorememberthiswhen5.________(choose)acar.Ifyoucan'taffordinsurance,thenyoumightnotbeready6.________(buy)acar.Ifyoushoparound,youmaybeabletofindabetterpricethanjustgoingalongwith7.________firstcompanyyoucontact.Askaboutgoodstudentdiscounts(折扣)—manyinsurancecompaniesoffera8.________(low)rateifyouhavegoodgrades.Ifyoudoalotofdriving,9.________willbeinyourbestintereststopickacarthatsavesgas.Besuretoreadthecontract(合同)andcheck10.________thereareanyunexpectedcosts.Ifyoudon'tunderstandsomet