2019年高中英语 Module 2 Fantasy Literature Section Ⅲ Gr

1SectionⅢGrammar—动词-ing形式作状语语法图解探究发现①Will,stillwatching,sawthecatbehavecuriously.②Whenithadgonepasthecrossedtheroad,keepinghiseyesonthespotwherethecathadbeeninvestigating.③Whilesittingbyapool,Ferdinandseesafrog.④Beforeleavinghiskingdom,hecallshissontohim.⑤Notknowingheraddress,Ican'twritetohertoexpressmygratitude.⑥Havinglivedwiththegirlfor5years,weallknowherverywell.[我的发现](1)六个例句中的动词­ing形式的逻辑主语都是句子的主语。(2)由例句⑤可知，动词­ing形式的否定式是在­ing形式前面加not。(3)在例句③中，动词­ing形式短语前用while，为了强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生；在例句④中，动词­ing形式短语前用before，为了强调在谓语动词的动作之前发生。(4)由例句⑥可知，动词­ing形式的完成式为having_done。一、基本用法动词­ing形式作状语时，通常都表示主语正在进行的另一个动作(即动词­ing形式与主语在逻辑上存在主动关系)，用来对谓语动词表示的动作加以修饰或作为陪衬，它可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随动作，相当于相对应的状语从句或and引导的并列句。1．作时间状语。通常放在句首，有时在句中或句末，相当于when或while等引导的时间状语从句。Puttingonhisclothes(Afterheputonhisclothes),Billwentoutinahurry.2穿上衣服后，比尔匆忙离开了。[即时演练1]句型转换①Whenshesawnobodyathome,shedecidedtoleavethemanote.→Seeing_nobody_at_home,_shedecidedtoleavethemanote.②Arrivinghome,hefoundthedoorlocked.→When_he_arrived_home,_hefoundthedoorlocked.③Whenshearrivedattheparty,shefoundallthepeoplegone.→On_arrivingattheparty,shefoundallthepeoplegone.2．作原因状语。通常放在句首，相当于as,because,since,nowthat等引导的原因状语从句。Beingill(Ashewasill),hecouldnotwalkanyfurther.因为生病，他不能再往前走了。[即时演练2]用所给词的适当形式填空①Knowing(know)theplaceverywell,Iactedastheirguide.②Being(be)anxiousabouthischild'ssafety,hecouldn'tfallasleep.③(福建高考改编)Pressedfromhisparents,andrealizing(realize)thathehaswastedtoomuchtime,theboyisdeterminedtostopplayingvideogames.3．作条件状语。可以在句首也可在句末，相当于if,unless引导的条件状语从句。Heatingwater,wecanchangeitintovapor.把水加热，我们可以将其变为水蒸气。[即时演练3](1)用所给词的适当形式填空①Working_(work)hardatyourlessons,youaretosucceed.②Seeing(see)fromthetopoftower,youwillgetagoodview.③(北京高考改编)Sitdown,Emma.Youwillonlymakeyourselfmoretired,keeping(keep)onyourfeet.(2)完成句子①Reading_carefully(仔细阅读),you'lllearnsomethingnew.②Playing_all_day(整天玩),youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.4．作让步状语。多放在句首，相当于一个让步状语从句。Knowingallthis,theystillmademepayforthedamage.3尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。KnowingwhereIlive,henevercomestoseeme.尽管知道我住哪里，他从来也没有来看我。[即时演练4]句型转换①Althoughtheyplayedwell,theylostthegame.→Playing_well,_theylostthegame.②Knowingthatitwasdangerous,shewalkedhomebyherself.→Shewalkedhomebyherself,although_she_knew_that_it_was_dangerous.5．作结果状语。通常位于句末且中间有逗号，相当于一个并列分句。Theboyranevenfaster,reachingtheschooloutofbreath.那个男孩跑得更快了，到达学校时累得上气不接下气了。(2017·天津高考)Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,allowingmorepatientstobetreated.这家医院最近得到一批新的医疗设备，这使更多的病人能够得到治疗。[名师点津]动词­ing形式作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。而不定式作结果状语则表示出乎意料的结果，且常与only连用。[即时演练5]用所给词的适当形式填空①Ibuiltallmyhopesonhispromises,onlyto_find(find)thathewasnotanhonestperson.②Thebooksoldmorethan500,000copiesayear,thusmaking(make)itoneofthebest­sellersatthattime.③(湖南高考改编)Thesunbegantoriseinthesky,bathing(bath)themountainingoldenlight.6．作方式或伴随状语。用来说明动作发生的背景或状况。一般情况下，现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时进行，其动作发出者就是句子的主语。谓语动词是主要动作，分词是陪衬动作。伴随状语或方式状语位于句首、句中或句末均可。Hewaswalkingalongthestreet,lookingthiswayandthat.他在街上走着，左顾右盼。[即时演练6](1)句型转换①Allthestudentssatintheclassroom,andwaitedfortheirnewteacher.→Allthestudentssatintheclassroom,waiting_for_their_new_teacher.4②Theyoungmanheldatorchinhishand,andclimbeduptothetopoftheclocktower.→Holding_a_torch_in_his_hand,_theyoungmanclimbeduptothetopoftheclocktower.(2)按要求改写句子①Theyallstoodthere,andwatchedcloselyasthemagiciandidthetricks.(用动词­ing形式作状语)→They_all_stood_there,_watching_closely_as_the_magician_did_the_tricks.②Allthestudentspaidtheirattentiontowhattheirteachersaid,takingnotescarefully.(改为并列句)→All_the_students_paid_their_attention_to_what_their_teacher_said_and_took_notes_carefully.二、动词­ing形式作状语的注意事项1．特殊形式：连词＋v.­ing形式。出于强调或某种表达需要的考虑，可在v.­ing形式前加上when，unless,though,before等词。Whilewaitingatthedentist's,Ireadashortstory.在牙科诊所候诊时，我读了一篇短篇小说。Youcan'tfindthesecretcave,unlessfollowingalocalguide(unlessyoufollowalocalguide)．如果你不跟着一位当地向导，你就找不到这个隐蔽的山洞。Eventhoughpossessingeveryfortuneintheworld，youcan'tpossesspeople'srespect.即使拥有世界上所有的财富，你也不会拥有人们的尊敬。2．动词­ing形式短语前可用介词on/upon，表示“一……就……”。Onhearingthenews,allthepupilsjumpedwithjoy.一听到这个消息，所有的学生都高兴得跳了起来。3．主语一致。v．­ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语要与句子的主语保持一致，否则就要在分词前加上其自身的逻辑主语构成分词的独立主格结构。Itbeingfinetoday,wewentoutforhiking.今天天气很好，我们出去远足。4．独立成分作状语。5有些现在分词短语可以独立成为句子成分，不受句子主语的限制，这些常见的结构有：judgingfrom/by从……来判断；generallyspeaking一般说来；supposing假设；speakingof说到；considering鉴于。Generallyspeaking,girlsaremorecarefulthanboys.一般说来，女孩比男孩细心。Judgingfromheraccent,shemustcomefromArabiancountries.听她的口音，她准是来自阿拉伯国家。5．为了强调结果，可在动词­ing形式前加副词thus。Thebuswasheldupbythesnowstorm,thuscausingthedelay.公共汽车遭遇暴风雪，因此造成了延误。[即时演练7]句型转换①Whilereadingthebook,hefellasleep.→Whilehe_was_reading_the_book,_hefellasleep.②AssoonashearrivedinBeijing,hewenttovisithisuncle.→On/Upon_arrivinginBeijing,hewenttovisithisuncle.③Hedroppedtheglassontotheground,andasaresultbrokeitintopieces.→Hedroppedtheglassontotheground,thus_breakingitintopieces.三、动词­ing形式的否定式和完成式1．动词­ing形式的否定式通常在动词­ing形式前加否定词not。Shewaspuzzled,notknowingwhathadhappened.她迷惑了，不知道发生了什么。2．动词­ing形式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。Havingfinishedtheletter,hefoldeditandputitintotheenvelope.写完信后，他把信折起来装进了信封。[即