BS EN 953-1998 机器安全.保护.固定和移动防护构造和设计的一般要求

CENEuropeanCommitteeforStandardizationComiteÂEuropeÂendeNormalisationEuropaÈischesKomiteefuÈrNormungCentralSecretariat:ruedeStassart36,B-1050Brussels©1997CENAllrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreservedworldwideforCENnationalMembers.Ref.No.EN953:1997EEUROPEANSTANDARDEN953NORMEEUROPEÂENNEEUROPAÈISCHENORMOctober1997ICS13.110Descriptors:Safetyofmachines,dangerousmachines,accidentprevention,safetydevices,protectionagainstmechanicalhazards,hazards,design,materials,categories,safety,verification,informationEnglishversionSafetyofmachineryÐGuardsÐGeneralrequirementsforthedesignandconstructionoffixedandmovableguardsSeÂcuriteÂdesmachinesÐProtecteursÐPrescriptionsgeÂneÂralespourlaconceptionetlaconstructiondesprotecteursfixesetmobilesSicherheitvonMaschinenÐTrennendeSchutzeinrichtungenÐAllgemeineAnforderungenanGestaltungundBauvonfeststehendenundbeweglichentrennendenSchutzeinrichtungenThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon26March1997.CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEuropeanStandardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Up-to-datelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcerningsuchnationalstandardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheCentralSecretariatortoanyCENmember.ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).AversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytranslationundertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheCentralSecretariathasthesamestatusastheofficialversions.CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom.LicensedCopy:sheffieldunsheffieldun,na,ThuOct2602:27:05GMT+00:002006,UncontrolledCopy,(c)BSIPage2EN953:1997©BSI1998ForewordThisEuropeanStandardhasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC114,Safetyofmachinery,thesecretariatofwhichisheldbyDIN.ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofanidenticaltextorbyendorsement,atthelatestbyApril1998,andconflictingnationalstandardsshallbewithdrawnatthelatestbyApril1998.ThisEuropeanStandardhasbeenpreparedunderamandategiventoCENbytheEuropeanCommissionandtheEuropeanFreeTradeAssociation,andsupportsessentialrequirementsofEUDirective(s).ForrelationshipswithEUDirective(s),seeinformativeannexZA,whichisanintegralpartofthisstandard.AccordingtotheCEN/CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizationsofthefollowingcountriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandtheUnitedKingdom.ContentsPageForeword20Introduction31Scope32Normativereferences33Definitions44Riskassessment85Principalrequirementsforthedesignandconstructionofguards85.1Machineaspects85.2Humanaspects95.3Guarddesignaspects105.4Guardconstructionaspects105.5Selectionofmaterials115.6Containment115.7Resistancetocorrosion115.8Resistancetomicro-organisms115.9Non-toxicity115.10Machineviewing115.11Transparency115.12Stroboscopiceffects115.13Electrostaticproperties125.14Thermalstability125.15Flammability125.16Noiseandvibrationreduction12Page5.17Radiationprotection126Selectionoftypesofguards126.1General126.2Combinationofdifferentguardsorofguardswithotherdevices126.3Selectionofguardsaccordingtothenumberandlocationofthehazards126.4Selectionofguardsaccordingtothenatureandfrequencyofaccessrequired127Additionaldesignandconstructionconsiderations157.1Climbing157.2Retainedfastenings157.3Vibrationresistance157.4Warningsigns157.5Colour157.6Aesthetics158Verificationofthesafetyrequirementsforguards158.1General158.2Impactstrength158.3Safetydistances158.4Containment158.5Noise158.6Guardoperatingforces158.7Visibility159Informationforuse169.1General169.2Guardhazards169.3Installation169.4Operation169.5Removalofguards169.6Inspectionandmaintenance16AnnexesA(normative)Guidelinestoassistintheselectionofguardsagainsthazardsgeneratedbymovingparts17B(normative)Guidelinesfortheselectionofguardsaccordingtothenumberandlocationofhazards18C(informative)Bibliography19ZA(informative)ClausesofthisEuropeanStandardaddressingessentialrequirementsorotherprovisionsofEUdirectives20LicensedCopy:sheffieldunsheffieldun,na,ThuOct2602:27:05GMT+00:002006,UncontrolledCopy,(c)BSIPage3EN953:1997©BSI19981)Seealso3.5ofthisstandard.0IntroductionThisEuropeanStandardspecifiesgeneralprinciplesforthedesignandconstructionofguards,bothfixedandmovable.Itisintendedforusebymanufacturers,designers,standardsmakersandotherinterestedparties.AsaType-B2standarditisintendedtoprovideassistanceintheproductionofType-Cstandards,whichcoverdetailedaspectsforspecificgroupsofmachines,andtoprovideguidanceintheabsenceofanappropriateType-Cstandard.InaccordancewiththerequirementslaiddowninEN292-1andEN292-2,themachinedesignershallidentifythehazardspresentatamachine,carryoutariskassessmentandreduceriskbydesignbeforeconsideringsafeguardingtechniques