Unit20-新lessson3ScientificBreakthroughs(2)

Unit20Lesson3ScientificBreakthroughsFourinventionsinancientChina:PapermakingPrintingGunpowderTheCompassSomediscoveriesorinventionsinthe20thcentury:microwaveoven微波炉airplanemobilephonecomputermedicineIfyouhadtochoosethesinglemostimportantdiscoveryofthe20thcentury,youwouldhavearealdilemmaonyourhands.adifficultsituationwhereyouhavetochoosebetweentwoormorealternatives.n进退两难的局面Canyousingleoutthemostimportantone?pickoutLet’shaveaquizaboutscienceandscientist.GoodLuck!1.TheOriginofSpecieswaspublishedin1859.Thebookshowedthatpeoplehaddevelopedfromapesinstead.Whoistheauthor?A.LeonardodoVinciB.CharlesDarwinC.StephenHawking2.Whosaidthat‘Geniusisonepercentinspirationandninety-ninepercentperspiration’?A.AlbertEinsteinB.MadameCurieC.ThomasEdison3.Thismathematicianfoundthattheforceofthewaterpushingitupisthesameastheweightoftheobject.Whoishe?A.ArchimedesB.ZhangHengC.JamesWatt4.WhoreceivedtwoNobelprizesandshediscoveredradiumIn1898?A.GregorMendelB.MadameCurieC.IsaacNewton5.StephenHawking,British(1942--)Hehasworkedinastronomyandstudied___________inspace.A.BlackholesB.UFOC.Planets7.AlbertEinsteinisfamousforthetheoryofrelativityandaformula________showedthatthemassandenergywereinfactequivalentA.G=mgB.E=MC2C.W=FS6.AlexanderFlemingdiscovered________whichcankillbacteria(细菌)andsavethelivesofmillions.A.Hydrogenperoxide(过氧化氢)B.Anesthetics(麻醉剂)C.Penicillin(青霉素)8.Whenwasthefirstelectricpoweredelevatormade?A.1805B.1857C.1880FirstreadingTask1→GetthegeneralideaThepurposeofthisarticleis_______.A.theintroductionofAlbertEinsteinB.theintroductionoftheprocessofscientificbreakthroughC.introductionofthemajorscientificdiscoveriesinthe20thcenturyD.thecontributionsscientistsmadetotheworldpenicillinThefirstcomputerEdwinHubbleElbertEinsteinPercySpencerAlexanderFlemingEckertandMauchlyMicrowaveovengalaxyTask2→pioneersandtheirinventionsPara1:Getspecificinformationfieldsadvances_________advancesdiscovering____________ofdiseasessurgical_______________replacingdiseased________with_________ones__________thewaywe___________wentfromwritingletterstoemailing___________flyingaroundtheworldKnowledgeoftheworldandspacehowto______theatommedicalthecausesproceduresorgansdonatedcommunicationscorrespondtransportsplitprocessexchangeinformationliverbrainlungsstomachheartkidneyorgansAlbertEinsteinOneofthe20thcentury’spremierscientistswasAlbertEinstein.themostimportantoneofthecentury'smostoutspokenpoliticalactivists.TheoryofRelativityE=mc2(energyequalsmasstimesthespeedoflightsquared).giveopinionshonestly质量AmericanastronomerHeprovedthatmist(薄雾)weregalaxies(星系)themselves.Tohonorhim,thefirsttelescopewasnamedafterhim.EdwinHubble埃德温.哈勃Hubblespacetelescope1.Einsteinwasatworkwhenhethoughtoftheequation“E=mc2”.2.Einsteinparticipatedintheprogrammethatdevelopedthenuclearbomb.3.Einsteinobservedchangesintime,size,andmass.4.Hubblestudiedtheuniverseforovertwentyyears.5.Hubblediscoveredthatourgalaxyisbiggerthanwethoughtitwas.rockbabyFNINITFtheuniversePara3&4:Arethesestatementstrueorfalseoristherenoinformation?Translatethesentences.1.Einsteinthenshowedinhis“theoryofrelativity”thatnoteventime,mass,orlengthareconstant–theychangeaccordingtoourexperienceofthem.2.Hediscoveredsmallareasofmistwhichwereinfactgalaxieslikeourown,millionsoflightyearsawayfromus,whichprovedthattheuniversewasvastlylargerthanhadpreviouslybeenthought.之后爱因斯坦又在他的相对论中“表明”，就连时间、质量、长度也不是持久不变的—随着我们对它们的进一步了解，他们也会有所改变。他发现了一些小的雾区，而它们实际上是跟我们的星系一样的星系，离我们有几百万光年之远。这一发现证明了宇宙比我们以前想象的要大得多。JohnWilliamMauchlywasanAmericanphysicistwho,alongwithhisstudentJ.PresperEckertdesignedENIAC,thefirstcommercialcomputermadeintheUnitedStates.JohnWilliamMauchly(1907.8.30–1980.1.8)J.PresperEckertThefirstcomputerintheworldtube电子管circuit电路板switch开关Para7:Answerthequestions.1.Didthefirstcomputerprojectmanagetomeetitsoriginalgoal?2.Whatarethefeaturesofthefirstcomputer?No.Althoughtheyonlyfinishedafterthewarin1946,itdidnotmatter.Itwas____________ourcomputerstoday.It__________100feetlong_____over10feethighand_________over30tonnes.Itusedsomuch________thatwhenitwasturnedon,thelightsinthelocaltown________!nothinglikemeasuredbyweighedenergywentoutAlexanderFleming(1881-1955)ScottishbiochemistsharedtheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinein1945withHowardFloreyandErnstBorisChainremainedmodestabouttheamazingoutcomeofhisdiscoveryanAmericanengineerandinventorPercySpencer帕西斯宾塞obtained120patentsApatentisanofficialrighttobetheonlypersonorcompanyallowedtomakeorsellanewproduct专利Para5,6&8:Fillintheblanks.NameHowtodiscoverInfluenceAlexanderFlemingPercySpencer____________radar;noticeachocolate______inhispocket;bymistakebyaccidentkillbacteriasavemillionsoflives;curepeoplepreparemealsinminutesexperimentwithmeltingleftadish;___________andsawabluemould;double-checkedTellthestoriesofthescientistswiththewordsgiven.ElbertEinsteinpremier,outspoken,rockbaby,inspired,E=mc2,theoryofrelativity,mass,unbelievablePercySpencerinventor,microwaveoven,patents,experimentwithradarachocolatemelting,bymistake,preparemealsinminutesEckertandMauchlyaccuracyofmissiles,thefirstcomputer,measure,weigh,energyEdwinHubblee