70t级铁路储油罐车焊接结构及工艺设计

沈阳理工大学学士学位论文I摘要随着中国成功地加入世界贸易组织(WTO)，中国的经济取得了空前的高速发展。国家投资基础设施建设的力度越来越大，各种物资的流通运输和周转量逐年增加，经济发展对交通运输行业提出了更高的要求和挑战。铁道运输作为国民经济发展的大动脉，货车运能远远不能满足物资运输的需求，铁道运输“重载化”已成为现阶段铁路运输的重要课题。为提高运能，适应国民经济发展的需要，近年来，铁道部实施了跨越式发展战略，铁路货车向“重载化、快捷化”的方向发展，出台了70t级货车的重载技术政策，先后研制成功了70t级新型敞车、平车、棚车等重载货车，为全面开行重载列车创造了条件。70t级新型轻、粘油罐车是按照铁路货车重载技术政策要求设计开发的轴重23t的重载罐车，该车采用无中粱结构，载重较G70和G17B型罐车提高8t和7t。为适应重载，提高了车辆强度校核标准，新型罐车对车辆结构的可靠性提出了更高的要求，牵枕结构作为罐车车承上启下的关键部件，传递着牵引和各项冲击载荷，承载着各种垂向、横向载荷，受力非常复杂，该结构的可靠性直接关系到罐车整车的运行安全。本文通过对70t级新型无中梁罐车牵枕结构的设计、选型和开发思路作以论述，探讨无中粱罐车牵栋结构的一般规律，从而对一般无中梁罐车的设计和选型提供帮助。关键词：70t级；无中梁罐车；车枕结构；设计；分析沈阳理工大学学士学位论文IIAbstractWithChina'ssuccessfulaccessiontotheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO),China'seconomyhasachievedanunprecedentedhigh-speeddevelopment.Increasingtheintensityofthenationalinvestmentininfrastructureconstruction,distributionandtransportationofvariousmaterialsandtheturnoverincreasedyearbyyear.Economicdevelopmenthasputforthhigherdemandsandchallengesonthetransportationindustry.RailwayTransportasthemainarteryofthenationaleconomicdevelopment,,truckedfarcannotmeettheneedsofthetransportationofmaterials,andtheRailwayTransportoverloadhasbecomeanimportantissueofrailtransportatthepresentstage.Inordertoimprovethetransportcapacitytomeettheneedsofnationaleconomicdevelopment,theMinistryofRailwaysimplementedaleap-forwarddevelopmentstrategyinrecentyearswhichleadedthedevelopmentofrailwaywagonstotheoverloaded,time-savedofthedirection.Ithasbroughtouttheoverloadedtechnologypolicyfor70tclasstruckincludinga70tclassofnewgondolacar,flatcar,boxcarandotherheavygoodsvehicles,andhascreatetheconditionsforthefullopeninglineofheavyhaultrain.70tclassofnewlight,stickyoiltankerisanoverloadedtankers(axleload23t),astubsilltangkcar,whichisdesignedanddevelopedwithaccordancetotherequirementofrailwaywagonsoverloadedtechnologypolicy,itsloadingcapasityisincreasedby8tand7tcomparedwiththeG70andG17B-typetanker.Toadapttooverloading,vehiclestrengthcheckstandardsareincreased.Thenewtypeoftankerclaimsmorereliabilityofthevehiclestructureinwhichdraftsillandbodybolsterstructrerisassemblyakeypart.Becausethepartisbaredwithvariousforceincludinglongitudinalimpactforce,verticalandhorizontalforce,thereliabilityofthepartisderectlyrelatedtothesaferunningofthewholetankcar.Thisthesisistryingtoprobeintothegeneralrulesfordraftsillandbodybolsterstructrerofstubsilltangkcarthoughdiscussingthedesign,structure-selectedanddevelopmentideasofClass70tonnewtypestubsilltangkcarandtoprovidegeneralassistmenttothedesignandstructure-selectingofgenerastubsilltangkcar.Keyword:Class70-ton;Stubsilltangkcar;Draftsillandbodybolsterstructrer;Design;Analysis沈阳理工大学学士学位论文III目录摘要....................................................................IAbstract.................................................................II第一章绪论.............................................................11.1国外无底架罐车的发展历史....................................................................................41.2国内无底架罐车的发展历史....................................................................................81.2.1我国铁路罐车的发展现状......................................81.2.2我国罐车的不足.............................................161.2.3我国罐车的发展趋势.........................................171.3罐车的应用.............................................................................................................................18第二章罐车的结构设计..................................................202.1罐车介绍及其结构特点..........................................................................................202.2主要性能及参数......................................................................................................202.3主要结构..................................................................................................................212.3.1罐体................................................................................................................222.3.2牵枕装置........................................................................................................222.3.3制动装置........................................................................................................232.3.4车钩缓冲装置................................................................................................232.3.5转向架............................................................................................................242.3.6侧梯及操作台................................................................................................262.4罐体的受力分析....................................................................................................................262.4.1内压力.....................................................262.4.2外部过压力.................................................282.4.3垂直力.....................................................292.4.4侧向力（离心力和风力）.....................................292.4.5纵向载荷...................................................302.5罐体的设计计算......................................................................................................302.6罐体的计算...............................