主谓一致-ppt课件

“主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、数上保持一致，即主语是复数，谓语也用复数形式，如are,were,have等，主语是单数，谓语要用单数形式，如：is,was,has,works等。1.由and连接的并列成分但指的是同一概念或一个人的双重身份时谓语动词为单数，但由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数。TheworkerandwriterisfromBeijing.(那个工人兼作家…)TheworkerandthewriterarefromBeijing.(那位工人和那位作家)BothCathyandherdaughterLindahavegonefishinginCanada.BreadandbutterisadailyfoodintheWest.常见的由and连接的指一个概念的有：theneedleandthread针线saltandwater盐水thefolkandknife刀叉ironandsteel钢铁timeandtide岁月2.everyoneofoneofeachofeitherofneitherof+复数名词作主语，谓语用单数。Eachofthestudentshasabook.Eachofthegirlslikesdancing.Oneofthemhasbeenabroad.NeitherofthetwoboysisgoodatEnglish.但oneof＋复数名词＋定语从句结构如果one前面没有限定词，这个句型中的“复数名词”是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用复数；如果one前面有theonly,thefirst,thelast,theright等限定词修饰，则one是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。Johnistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasthekeys.Johnisoneofthestudentswhohavethekeys.3.morethanone/manya+单数名词作主语，意义上是复数，谓语动词常用单数。(形单意复)Morethanonestudenthastried.Manyastudentandteacheriswatchingthefootballmatch.Manyamanhasdiedinthewar.4.each/every/no/manya+单数名词+and+each/every/no/manya+单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。1.Eachbookandeachpaperisfoundinitsplace.2.Everyboyandeverygirlhastherighttoreceiveeducation.3.Manyaboyandmanyagirlhasseenthesepainting.4.Everyhourandminuteisimportant.第二个each,every,no,manya可以省略。5.a+单数名词+andahalf,a+单数名词+ortwo作主语时，谓语动词用单数。1.Ayearandahalfhaspassed.2.Adayortwoisenough.oneortwo+复数名词,oneandahalf+复数名词作主语，谓语用复数。1.Oneortwoboysknowit.2.OneandahalfmonthshavepassedsinceIsawhim.noneof...结构作主语指代不可数名词作主语，谓语用单数；指代复数名词作主语，强调全体，谓语用复数更好一些；着重个别，则用单数较好。Noneofthemoneyisyours.Noneofushave／haseverbeenabroad.6.all,none,some,any等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。Allarepresent./Allthefoodtastesgood.7.“anumberof＋复数名词”作主语，谓语用复数;“许多”“thenumberof＋复数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。“…的数量”①Thenumberoftrafficaccidentshasincreased.②Anumberofchildrenlikethissong.aquantityof+复数名词,谓语用复数。aquantityof+不可数名词,谓语用单数.quantitiesof+复数名词或不可数名词，谓语用复数。①Quantitiesofteaweresoldlastmonth.②Alargequantityofbeerwassoldout.③Alargequantityofbooksinthelibrarywereamazing.8.Quantity/iesof+名词复数/不可数名词9.population做主语指人口,谓语用单数；指人的行为、居民等，谓语常用复数；分数/百分数+ofthepopulation做主语，谓语用复数。Thepopulationofthevillageis538.Onethirdofthepopulationhereareworkers.10.theOlympicGames,theAsianGames做主语，谓语用复数。TheOlympicGamesareheldeveryfouryears.halfmostenoughparttherestthelastlotssomeplenty分数百分数+of+名词作主语谓语动词要和of之后的名词保持一致。11.1.Two-thirdsofthepeoplepresentareagainsttheplan.2.Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthiscoveredbysea.3.Overtwentypercentofthecitywasdestroyedinthewar.4.Forty-fivepercentofthedoctorswerewomen.5.Only40percentofthestudentsintheclassareboys.12.集体名词class,family,army,team,club,population,party,crowd,majority,audience,government,public,group,等作主语。强调整体用单数，指个体成员用复数。①HisfamilyisinHarbin.②Hisfamilyaremusiclovers.③Thecommitteewasmadeupof10members.④Thecommitteewereinthehall.但是并不是所有的集合名词都具有以上两种用法：1.有的集合名词总是用作单数(不可数)：clothing衣服，poetry诗歌，baggage／luggage行李，furniture家俱，scenery景色等。2.有的集合名词总是表示复数意义(但不用复数形式)：people人，police警察，cattle牲口等。3.goods,clothes,glasses,shoes,scissors及trousers,chopsticks,等以复数形式出现的名词作主语，谓语用复数；4.news,politics,maths,physics,plastics等形式为复数而意义为单数的名词作主语，谓语用单数。ThegoodsbelongtoMr.Wang.Nonewsisgoodnews.Mytrousersarenew.13.“the＋adj./v-ed/v-ing”作主语the+dying,young,old,blind,rich,sick,wounded,poor及dead等词，相当于复数名词，代表整个类别，故作主语时谓语用复数。①TheoldinChinaarelivingahappylife.②Thewoundedhavebeensaved.③Thesickhavebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.14.表示时间、距离、钱额、重量、空间、体积等意义的复数名词作主语，谓语动词常用单数。1.Eighthoursofsleepisenough.2.Ahundredmilesisalongdistance.3.Tenpoundswasmissingfrommypocket.4.Twentyyearshaspassedsincehelefthishometown.15.动名词、不定式、从句做主语1).单个动名词或不定式作主语，谓语用单数。①Makingspeechesisnotherstrongpoint.②Growingflowersneedsconstantwatering.2).由and连接的两个(或多个)动名词或不定式作主语如果并列的动名词或不定式语义相同或相似，谓语用单数；如果语义不一致，则谓语用复数。①Lyingandstealingarenotright.②Toloveandtobelovedissweetthing.3).由that,where,when,whether,how等词引导的名词性从句作主语，主句的谓语常用单数形式。Howtheycanfinishtheirworkisstillunknown.Wherewewillgohasnotbeendecided.①Whenandwheretoholdthemeeting_____notdecided.②Whentoholdthemeetingandwheretohavelunch_____notdecided.isare4.)由what引导的名词性从句作主语，谓语一般用单数(表语是复数时也可用复数)；如果what从句是带有复数意义的并列结构，主句的谓语用复数。Whattheyareafterismoney.Whatwewantare／ispromises.Whathesaysand(whathe)doesdonotagree.16.由…or…,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso…,not…but…等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词在单复数上保持一致——就近原则。①NotonlyhebutalsoIaminvited.②Iorhisbrothersweretoblame.③NeitherInorheistoattendthemeeting.④Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherisenjoyingthefilm.17.当therebe/herebe句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。1.Thereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk..2.Therearetwentyboy-studentsandtwenty-threegirl-studentsintheclass.3.Hereisaletterandabookforyou.4.Therearethreechairs,twotablesandabikeinthehouse.18.主语后跟“with,alongwith,togetherwith,like,unlike,besides,but,except,including,aswellas,asmuchas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,andnot+名词”结构时，谓语动词一般和前面的主语保持一致。1.Theteacherwithanumberofstudentsisintheclassroom.2.Tom,asmuchasyou,wasresponsiblefortheloss.3.Hemorethanyouisanxioustogothere.1.______youorhetheteacherofEnglish?Neithermysisternormymother______presentatthemeeting.A.Are,wasB.Is,wereC.Are,areD.