牛津译林-模块六第三单元-语法-M6U3-Grammar-and-usage

TolearntoidentifyanunrealconditionalinasentenceTolearntheformsofunrealconditionalsTolearnwhentousetheunrealconditionalsTolearnhowtousetheunrealconditionalsUnrealconditionals虚拟语气Andyouprobablymuchsleepifyounearwhereaweddingreceptionwasbeingheld.如果你住的地方离婚礼现场不远，你很可能睡不好。wouldn’tgetlivedUnrealconditionalsReadthepointsandexamplesonPages40-41carefullytogetageneralideaofunrealconditionals.Pleasepayattentiontothefollowingnotes.英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。AbriefintroductionAbriefintroduction1)IfIknewhistelephonenumber,Iwouldtellyou.(事实上我不知道)2)IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrella.(事实上我不可能是你)3)Iftherewerenoairorwater,therewouldbenolivingthingsontheearth.(事实上地球上即有空气又有水)我们用虚拟语气陈述现在不真实或想象的情景。NotesWeformunrealpresentconditionalslikethis:If…was/were/did…,…should/would/could/mightdo…1.假如现在我有更多的时间，我就会学习德语。IfIhadmoretimenow,IwouldstudyGerman.2.要是我象你一样年轻，我就会找时间锻炼。IfIwere/wasyoungasyou,Iwouldfindtimetoexercise.1)would,couldandmightareofteninterchangeable(可互换的),butwithsomedifferenceinmeaning.would→intention;plancould→ability;possibilitymight→probability2)InwrittenEnglishorinformalsituation,weusuallyusewereinIf-clausesinplaceofwas.However,ineverydayconversation,wasisoftenused.TIP1)IfIhadgotthereearlier,Ishould/couldhavemether.(事实上我去晚了)2)Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldnothavemadesuchamistake.(事实上没有听)我们用虚拟语气表示想象中发生在过去的动作。Notes3)Ifyouhadrungmeyesterday,Iwouldhavetoldyouwhatweweregoingtodoyesterdayevening.(事实上没有打电话)Weformunrealpastconditionalslikethis:If…hadbeen/done…,…would/should/could/mighthavedone…1)如果他抓紧时间，他本来能赶上那趟火车。Ifhehadhurried,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain.2)如果你昨天告诉他，他也许会提些建议了。Ifyouhadtoldhimyesterday,hemighthavemadesomesuggestions.1)IfIhadtimetomorrow,Iwouldcertainlyhelpyou.2)IfIweretofailmyMathstest,Iwouldhavetotakeitagainattheendoftheterm.3)Ifheshouldcometomorrow,Iwouldtalktohimaboutit.我们用虚拟语气表示想象中发生在将来的情景。Notes4)IftherewereaheavysnownextSunday,wewouldnotgoskating.Weformunrealfutureconditionalslikethis:If…was/were/did/should/wereto…,…should/would/could/mightdo…1)假如我要出国，我就会去法国。IfIweretogoabroad,IwouldgotoFrance.2)万一明天下雨，我们的郊游就推迟。Ifitshouldraintomorrow,ourpicnicwouldbeputoff.Wecanalsoputshould,wereandhadatthebeginningofanunrealconditionalsentence.Inthiscase,ifisnotneededanymore.1)Ifyoushouldmakeamistake,youshouldnotbeembarrassed.→Shouldyoumakeamistake,youshouldnotbeembarrassed.TIP2)Ifyouhadtoldmeearlier,Iwouldnothavethisproblemnow.→Hadyoutoldmeearlier,Iwouldnothavethisproblemnow.3)Ifyouweretotakethetrain,youwouldbetheremuchsooner.→Wereyoutotakethetrain,youwouldbetheremuchsooner.TIPWecanalsousecould+thepresentperfectinifclausesforunrealconditionals.IfIcouldhavetoldyouaboutculturaldifferencesbetweenItalyandtheUK,Iwouldhave.1)从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。2)从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。Eg.IfIhadworkedhardatschool,Iwouldbeanengineer,too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了。Iftheyhadinformedus,wewouldnotcomeherenow.如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。Eg.Ifhewerefreetoday,wewouldhavesenthimtoBeijing.如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。Ifheknewher,hewouldhavegreetedher.要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。ReflectiontimeFillinthetable.TenseIf-clausesMainclausesPresentPastFutureIf…was/were/did…would/should/could/mightdo…If…had/been/done…would/should/couldmighthavedone…If…was/were/did/wereto/shoulddo…would/should/could/mightdo…请点击1.I_____throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.(陕西)A.couldn’thavegoneB.didn’tgoC.wouldn’tgoD.hadn’tgone2.They_____havearrivedatlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed.(全国)A.willB.canC.mustD.should3.—Wherearethechildren?Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.—Iwishthey_____alwayslate.(北京)A.weren’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.wouldn’thavebeen4.MaybeifI___science,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.(北京)A.studiedB.wouldstudyC.hadstudiedD.wasstudying1.Everything_____ifAlberthadn’tcalledthefirebrigade(消防队).A.willbedestroyedB.willhavebeendestroyedC.wouldbedestroyedD.wouldhavebeendestroyedQuizI:Multiplechoice.2.Thebusinessisrisky.But______,wewouldberich.A.shouldwesucceedB.weshouldsucceedC.mightwesucceedD.wouldwesucceed3.Whatwouldhavehappened,______,asfarastheriverbank?A.BobhadwalkedfartherB.ifBobshouldwalkfartherC.hadBobwalkedfartherD.ifBobwalkedfarther4.I_____yousomemoney,butIhadn’tgotanyonmethen.A.wouldlendB.wouldhavelentC.couldlendD.mayhavelent5.______today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.A.WasheleavingB.IfheleavesC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheisleaving6.Supposingthisship____,doyouthinktherewouldbeenoughlifejacketsforallthepassengers?A.weretosinkB.hassunkC.wassinkingD.sunk7.Idon’tthinkhe’llattendtheparty,and______heattendit,whatwouldhewear?A.wereB.hadC.didD.should8.—Youcanaskyourbrotherforhelp.—Heisn’tathome.Ifhe____,I___.A.were,wouldB.is,wouldC.is,willD.were,will9.—AreyouthinkingaboutgoingtoHangzhouforthevacation?—No,butifI_____time,I____verygladtogothere.A.have,willbeB.hadhad,wouldhavebeenC.had,wouldbeD.hadhad,wouldbe10.—SallyfinallygotherefromChicago.—Ifshe_____earlier,we_____hertothepartythen.A.came,wouldtakeB.hadcome,wouldhavetakenC.comes,willtakeD.hadcome,w