中国文化英语教程Unit-6

Unit6ChineseCharacters:PoeticSymbolsLead-inTextstudyExercisesContentLead-inLead-inIntroductionSymbolsofSentimentGracefulOlympicSymbolsTextstudyIntroduction•Accordingtolegend,ChinesecharacterswereinventedbyCangjie(仓颉),abureaucratunderthelegendaryYellowEmperor.•TheearliestsurvivingexamplesofwritinginChinaareinscriptionsonso-called“oraclebones”,tortoiseshellsandoxscapulae(肩胛骨)usedfordivination(占卜),datingfromaround1200BCinthelateShangdynasty.甲骨文AnoracleboneunearthedinAnyang,HenanProvinceIntroductionUnification•Sealscript,whichhadevolvedslowlyinthestateofQinduringtheEasternZhouDynasty,becamestandardizedandadoptedastheformalscriptforallofChinaintheQinDynasty.IntroductionSimplification•AlthoughmostoftenassociatedwiththePeople'sRepublicofChina,charactersimplificationpredatesthe1949communistvictory.•Examples:愛爱鄉乡義义導导親亲Introduction•ThenumberofChineselanguagelearnersacrosstheworldhasbeenontheriseinrecentyears.•Somelearnersmayexperiencethegratificationofdiscoveringhistoricalandculturalelementsintheprocess.Introduction•Somepictographic(象形文字的)symbolsofChinesecharactersexpresspeople’skeenobservationandexperienceoftheworld.•SomeEuropeanpoetshavefoundChinesecharactersinspiringtotheirimagination.EzraPound(1885-1972),forexample,waswellknownforhisadmirationofChinesecharacters.Whenhesawthecharacter旦inthedictionary,hewasremindedofthemorningsun.SymbolsofSentimentNote:EzraPound:埃兹拉·庞德。美国诗人、翻译家、评论家、意象派诗歌代表人物，曾帮助T．S．Eliot，Joyce和Hemingway手发表早期作品，对英美现代文学发展作出重要贡献。•Pound’spoeticallusions(影射)arenotwithoutbasis.Anumberofcharacterscontainingaasanelementallrelatetotherisingorsettingofthesun.Forexample:SymbolsofSentimentCharacterMeaningofthepartsMeaningofthecharacter旦日：thesunThesunrisingonthehorizon.一：thehorizon東lookslikethesunrisingfromaforest.east:the“sun”and“grass”themorningsunrisingandshiningovertheflowingriver:rive•Fudan(复旦)means“Thesunandmoonrisedayafterday”,itistoencouragestudentstoacquirenewknowledgeeveryday.SymbolsofSentiment•東SymbolsofSentimentSymbolsofSentiment•暮wasoriginallywrittenas莫:SymbolsofSentiment•明depictsasceneofthemoonshiningthroughthewindow.SymbolsofSentiment•Thecomplexcharacterfor“beauty”(丽)iswrittenas麗.Itresemblestwodeerrunningsidebysideonamountain.SymbolsofSentimentGracefulOlympicSymbolsGracefulOlympicSymbols•The2008OlympicsGamesadoptedasetofsymbolstorepresentthebeautyofChinesecalligraphy.•BycombiningcertainfeaturesofdifferenttraditionalformsofChinesecharacters,thesymbolsappearbothlivelyandhighlyrepresentativeofthesportstheystandfor.•ThecalligraphysymbolsforBeijingOlympicsweredesignedtorepresentthe“BeautyofSealCharacter”.ChangesofChinesecharactersGracefulOlympicSymbols甲骨文【商】金文【周】(大篆)【秦】小篆【秦】隶书【汉】草书【唐】、楷书【唐】、行书【唐】•Atitsbeginning,Chineseincludedlanguagepictures,whichbecamefewerandfewerduringtheperiodoftheoracle-bone(甲骨)inscriptions(铭文).•A“sealcharacter”isatypeofChinesecalligraphyoftencarvedonseals.GracefulOlympicSymbols•Thesealcharactersfeaturesmootherandrhythmiclines,andthushaveamoreappealingappearance.•Therearetwotypesofsealcharacters:thedazhuan,orgreaterseal,andthexiaozhuan,orlesserseal.GracefulOlympicSymbols•Thegreatersealisalsoknownasbronzeinscription,becauseitwasoftenusedforcarvinginscriptionsonbronzewareinancienttimes.•ThelessersealwasthescripttheFirstEmperorofQin(r.246-210BC)adoptedforthewholecountry,whenheunitedChinain221BC.GracefulOlympicSymbolsLookatthepicture,canyoufindanydifferencebetweengreatersealandlessersealinthefollowingpicture?What’sit?Comparedtogreaterseal,lessersealismoresimplified.GracefulOlympicSymbolsExamplesofOlympicsymbols•Theupperpartisasymbolfor“person”,whilethelowerpartisasymbolfor“water”.Theswimmerstrokesthewaterwithvigor,impartingastrongsenseofmotion.•Ifwetakealookatthesealcharacterfor“walk”,wemakeoutaclearconnectionbetweentheOlympicsymbolandthecharacter:theupperpartfor“swingingarms”andthelowerpartfor“walkinglegs”.ThegentleandflowinglinesinthelowerpartoftheOlympicsymbolaresimilartothesealcharacterfor“water”.GracefulOlympicSymbols•Thissymbolisaptlytakenfromthesealcharacterfor“dance”.Thedancerslightlytilts(使倾侧)hisheadtooneside,leanshisbodyforward,swingshisarmsbackandforth,andliftshislegsinarunningfashion.•Thesymbol,athleticyetgraceful,hasalsobeenadoptedforthe“triathlon(铁人三项)”and“football”.GracefulOlympicSymbolsExercisesComprehensionCommunicationApplicationComprehensionl.SkimmingandScanningGothroughthepassagequicklyandjudgewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothepassage.___1)EveryChinesecharacterhasapictographicsymboltoshowitsmeaning(s).___2)Thecharacter旦ismentionedtoshowthatChinesecharactersareeasytorecognize,andevenforeignerscanunderstandthemthroughtheirpictographicsymbols.___3)InParagraph4,severalcharacterscontainingElasanelementaregivenasexamplestoillustratethatsuchcharactersrelatetotherisingorsettingofthesun.___4)The20080lympicsymbolswereadoptedmainlytomakeiteasierfortheforeignerstounderstandtheirmeanings.___5)The20080lympicsymbolsweredesignedtorepresentthebeautyofsealcharacters.ComprehensionII.CarefulReading1.Readthepassagecarefullyandchoosethe