John-Dewey

JohnDeweyObjectivesTostudyDewey’sinterpretationofpragmatismpresentedbyhisontology,epistemologyandethicsTointerpretDewey’sideasonhumannatureTorelateDewey’sideaonhumannaturetothatoftheaimofeducationToidentifyhowDewey’smethodofteachingthatcontributestohisaimofeducationTolinkDewey’scurriculumtohisaimofeducationTointerpretDewey’sideaoftheteacher’srolethatharmonizeswiththeaimofeducationJohnDeweyTheGoalstoApproachTobeabletointerpretDewey’sphilosophyofpragmatisminthreeaspectsofontology,epistemologyandethicsTounderstandDewey’sinterpretationofthenatureofhumanbeingTobeabletorelatehumannaturetohisideaoftheaimofeducationTobeabletorationalizehowDewey’smethodofteachingcontributestoapproachinghisaimofeducationToabletoarguehowDewey’scurriculumleadstotheaimofeducationToreflectonDewey’sideaoftheteacher’srolethatharmonizeswiththeaimofeducationJohnDeweyInstructionalApproachByusingSocraticmethodofquestionandanswerByusingclassdiscussionsandlecturingwithelaborationoncertainpointsBydevelopingdiscussionsaroundthefivefocalquestionsinrelationtohisphilosophyofpragmatism:thenatureofhumanbeing;theaimofeducation;themethodofteaching;thebestcurriculum;theroleoftheteachingJohnDeweySomequestionsrelatedtothetextforreflectionReadthestartingparagraphandworkouttheessenceofDewey’sideaontheaimofeducation.“[Wemust]makeeachoneofourschoolsanembryoniccommunitylife,activewithtypesofoccupationsthatreflectthelifeofthelargersociety,andthroughoutpermeated['pə:mieit]withthespiritofart,history,andscience.Whentheschoolintroducesandtrainseachchildofsocietyintomembershipwithinsuchaalittlecommunity,saturatinghimwiththespiritofservice,andprovidinghimwiththeinstrumentsofeffectiveself-direction,weshallhavethedeepestandbestguarantor[ɡærən'tɔ:]ofalargersocietywhichisworthy,lovely,andharmonious.”(text)JohnDeweySomequestionsrelatedtothetextforreflectionReadthestartingparagraphandworkouttheessenceofDewey’sideaontheaimofeducation.Schoolshouldbeacommunitycreditedwithacurriculumthatintegratesart,historyandscienceintoakindofspiritthatshapescitizenswithasenseofmembershipandresponsibilitytoservethecountry,tosupplythemwithmeansthatenablesthemtopositionthemselvesinthesociety.“Deweystressedthesocialandmoralnatureoftheschoolandbelievedthatitshouldserveasa‘miniaturecommunity,anembryonicsociety,especiallyonethatactivelyfosteredthegrowthofdemocracywhichwasbeingunderminedbyurbanindustrialsociety.”(text)JohnDeweyABriefIntroductionaboutJohnDewey1859-1952BorninBurlington,VermontofmodestfamilyoriginGraduatedfromUniversityofVermontin1879,withPhiBetaKappaWorkedforthreeyearsasahighschoolteacherinOilCity,PennsylvaniaReceivedPh.D.fromSchoolofArts&SciencesatJohnsHopkinsUniversityin1884TookafacultypositionattheUniversityofMichigan(1884-1888and1889-1894)JoinedthenewlyfoundedUniversityofChicago(1894-1904)whereheshapedhisbeliefinanempiricallybasedtheoryofknowledgewiththenewlyemergingPragmaticschoolofthought.FoundedtheUniversityofChicagoLaboratorySchoolstoactualizehispedagogicalbeliefsforhisworkoneducation,TheSchoolandSociety(1899).ElectedpresidentoftheAmericanPsychologicalAssociationIn1899ProfessorofphilosophyatColumbiaUniversityfrom1904tillhisdeathPresidentoftheAmericanPhilosophicalAssociationin1905Aphilosopher,psychologist,andeducationalreformerhighlyinfluentialintheUnitedStatesandtheworldOneofthefoundersofthephilosophicalschoolofpragmatism;aleadingrepresentativeoftheprogressivemovementinU.S.schoolingduringthefirsthalfofthe20thcenturyJohnDeweyDewey’smajorworks“TheReflexArcConceptinPsychology”(1896),acritiqueofastandardpsychologicalconceptandthebasisofallhisworkDemocracyandEducation(1916),hiscelebratedworkonprogressiveeducationHumanNatureandConduct(1922),astudyoftheroleofhabitinhumanbehaviorThePublicanditsProblems(1927),adefenseofdemocracyExperienceandNature(1925),themost“metaphysical”statementArtasExperience(1934),hismajorworkonaestheticsACommonFaith(1934),ahumanisticstudyofreligion,deliveredatYaleLogic:TheTheoryofInquiry(1938),anexaminationofDewey'sunusualconceptionoflogicFreedomandCulture(1939),apoliticalworkexaminingtherootsoffascismKnowingandtheKnown(1949),abookwritteninconjuctionwithArthurF.Bentleythatsystematicallyoutlinestheconceptoftrans-actionwhichiscentraltohisotherworksHisprofessionallifewasextremelyproductiveandconsistedofover700articlesin140journals,androughly40books.JohnDeweyPragmatismDeweydidnotidentifyhimselfasapragmatistperse,insteadhereferredtohisphilosophyas“instrumentalism”,whoisconsideredoneofthethreecentralfiguresinAmericanpragmatism,alongwithCharlesSandersPeirce,whocoinedtheterm,andWilliamJames,whopopularizedit.Heheldthatvaluewasafunctionnotofwishnorpurelyofsocialconstruction,butaqualitysituatedinevents.Experimentation(social,cultural,technological,philosophical)couldbeusedasarelativelyhard-and-fastarbiteroftruth.Herejectedbeliefinanystaticideal,suchasatheistic[θi'ɪstɪk]God.Deweyfeltthatonlyscientificmethodcouldbereliablyfurtherhumangood.Dewey‘sphilosophyhasgonebymanynamesotherthan“pragmatism”.Hehasbeencalledaninstrument