中考定语从句知识总结(全面)

定语从句考点总结1.概念修饰某一名词或代词，用作定语的从句教定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词后面。用通俗的说法讲就是：用一个句子说明主句中某个名/代词的特征。因此定语从句一定有一个先行词。2.先行词Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.ThecoatthatIputonthedeskisblue.Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.Thefilmwhichwesawlastnightwaswonderful.ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.3.关系词关系词用于引导定语从句，在从句中一个成分。（讲解每个词的含义who/whom/whose/which/that）(1)关系代词：who/whom/whose/which/that在从句中做主语、宾语、定语含义：that可以指人也可以指物Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.Which用于指物Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.Which和whom用于指人，who是主语，whom是宾语。ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.ThatistheteacherwhomLiMingistalkingto.Whose可以指人也可以指物（指物的时候只表示所有格）表达“……的”意思Theyliveinaroomwhosewindowopenstothesouth.Thewomanwhosehairislongismymother.Thebookwhosecoverisgreenismine.①做主语关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数应与先行词一致。Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.(that在句中作主语)Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.TheforeignerwhovisitedourclassyesterdayisfromCanada.Theyplantedthetreeswhichdidn’tneedmuchwater.②作宾语关系代词在从句中当宾语，口语中可省略。Thenoodles(that)Icookedweredelicious.Thefish(which)weboughtwasnotfresh.ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Li.(不可省略)（讲介词宾语，例子见最后）③作定语Whose在定语从句中做定语。MissBrownistheteacherwhosehousecaughtfirelastnight.ThisistheboywhosemotherisourChineseteacher.关系代词whose在从句中与它所有修饰的词一起做几次宾语的时候可以跟介词放在主语和从句之间。ThebossinwhosecompanyMr.Kangworkedcalledatthehospital.④that和which区别That指物时一般可以与which互换。（例子见真题）只能用that的情况A.先行词为序数词或形容词最高级It’sthefirsttimethatIhavebeenhere.ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.B.先行词为不定代词（allanything）ThatisallthatIwanttoknow.Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttotellme?C.先行词由不定代词修饰Hementionedallthebooksthatwerelaidonthetable.D.先行词有theonly,thevery,thelast修饰ItistheverydictionarythatIneed.ThisistheonlypenthatIhave.E.先行词既有人又有物Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.只能用which的情况：A.介词后面Thisisthefactoryinwhichmyfatherworks.Thetalltreebehindwhichliesabigstoneisstillthere.B.非限制性定语从句中Ihaveabook,whichisveryinteresting.Iwaslateforschoolagain,whichmadetheteacherangry.(2)关系副词：when/where/why在句中做状语,充当副词的作用。When指时间，修饰表示时间的先行词，在从句中做时间状语JulyandAugustarethemonthswhentheweatherishot.(讲为什么不用which)DoyourememberoneafternoontenyearsagowhenIcametoyourhouseandborrowedanecklaceofyours？Where指地点，修饰表示地点的先行词，在从句中做地点状语。AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltownwherehegrewupasachild.Icanstillrememberthesitting-roomwheremymotherandIusedtositintheevening.Shewillgohomewhereshecanrest.这里的home是副词Where引导状语从句。Shewillgotothehousewhereshecanrest.这里的house是名词，where引导的是定语从句。Iwillgowhereishot.(判断这句是不是定语从句)Onemorning,anelephantwasleddowntheroadwheretheystood.先行词为表示时间、地点的名词时，关系词不一定都用when或where。如果关系词在定语从句中做主语或宾语，就要用关系代词which或that。Thisisthefactorythat/whichwevisitedlastyear.Iwon’tforgetthetimethatwespentinthecountryside.Why指原因，修饰名词reason，在定语从句中做原因状语。Thisisthereasonwhyhedidso.Doyouknowthereasonwhyheleftearly?关系副词&关系代词区别：Where=inwhichwhen=inwhichwhy=ofwhichThisisthefactory(that/which/when/where)wevisitedyesterday.Thisisthefactory(that/which/when/where)Tomwasinjured.Irememberedtheday(that/which/when/where)welivedthere.Irememberedtheday(that/which/when/where)Ispentthere.三种方法总结：A.看从句中是否缺少主语宾语或者定语三种成分。关系词指的就是先行词，看先行词在从句中做什么成分。如果是状语，那就是“在……（先行词）之中”“在……（先行词）期间”等意思。B.先行词往后放，看看挨上挨不上。挨上用which，挨不上用where，whenC.如果从句中的动作发生在先行词之内，用关系副词；如果从句中的动作的对象是先行词，用关系代词。练习：Thefactory_____youworkedlastyearisverylarge.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.whereThatistheyear_____mylittlesisterwasborn.A.WhichB.thatC.whenD.whereThelittlegirlarrangedtohavepianolessonsatthetrainingcentrewithhersister_____shewouldstayforanhour.A.WhichB.thatC.whenD.where☆Weliveinanage_____moreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.A.WhichB.thatC.whenD.where☆By16:30_____wasalmostclosingtime;nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensold.A.WhichB.thatC.whenD.where4.非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句&非限制性定语从句MysonwhostudiedatCambridgeisinChengduatthemoment.Myson,whostudiedatCambridge,isinChengduatthemoment.限制性：从一个大的范围中限制出一个小的出来——起限定说明作用非限制性：起补充说明作用例：Mymotherwhois86livesinBeijing.(错误)知识补充——介词宾语：放在介词后面（被介词所指）的词。名词：Henevergoesoutatnight.他晚上从不出去。动名词：Sheisquickatlearninglanguages.她学语言学得很快。Hemakesalivingbyteaching.他以教书为生。Incrossingthestreethewasrunover.他在穿过马路时被汽车撞倒。从句：Hewassurprisedatwhatshesaid.听到她说的话，他很吃惊。不定式（只有except和but）：Ithadnoeffectexcepttomakehimangry.除惹他生气外，没产生任何效果。副词：Ican’tstayforlong.我不能久呆。数词：Igetupatsix.我6点起床。介词短语：Chooseabookfromamongthese.从这些书中选一本吧。状语从句知识点总结定义：在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词，起状语作用的从句叫状语从句。就是表示分类中的内容的从句。自己总结：______________________________________________________________分类：（九大类）时间原因目的结果条件比较地点让步方式位置：Ifyougototheparty,youwillhaveagoodtime.Youwillhaveagoodtimeifyougototheparty.引导词：时间：after,before,when,while,until,since,assoonas,nosooner…than,hardly…when原因:because,as,since,or,nowthat目的:sothat,inorderthat,incase结果:so(that),so…that,such…that条件:if,unless,aslongas比较:(见比较句)主要运用于形容词和副词的原级、比较级及最高级的句子之中原级：as…as（和……一样），notso（as）…as…（和不一样）；比较级：more…than（更）；最高级：Themost…in/of，the+形容词+est…of/in。常用引导词：as（同级比较），than（不同程度的比较）；特殊引导词：themore…themore…；no…morethan；notAsomuchasB。地点:where,wherever让步:although,though,eventhough,evenif,while,however,