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1初中英语基本句型及被动语态讲解一.主语+不及物动词(vi)。不及物动词是本身意义完整后面不需要跟宾语的实义动词。常见的有:agree,go,work,listen,look,come,die,belong,fall,rise,arrive,sit,sail,hurry,fail,succeed..appear,die,end(vi.结束),happen,last,lie,remain,sit,run,,swim,stand,sleep,laugh,smile…注意:不及物动+介词+宾语如:lookatme,gotoschool二.主语+系动词+表语(形容词,名词,ving,介词短语)系动词有:be(amisarewaswere)/seem/keep/stay是/好象(似乎)是/保持look/feel/taste/smell/sound看/感觉/尝/闻/听起来(上去)become/turn/get/grow变得注意:只有系动词后可以直接形容词做表语,其他动词不可以。三.主语+及物vt+宾语(todosth/vingsth/名词/代词)1、有些动词只能接不定式做宾语。例如:help,hope,ask,refuse,decide,promise,wish,pretend,expect,learn,plan,manage,agree,fail,offer,seem等等。例如:Herefusedtospeakontheradio.2、有些动词或短语只接动名词做宾语:mind,finish,enjoy,suggest,consider,miss,keep(on),avoid避开,躲开,stand(忍受),allow,practice,giveup,putoff,lookforwardto期待,期望,feellike想要做某事,prevent…from,阻止can'thelp禁不住,不由自主迫不及待,be/getuseto,beworthdoing,bebusydoing例如:(1)Hiswifedoesn'tallowsmokinginsidetheroomandoftenadvisedhimtogiveupsmoking.(2)I'mlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.(3)Shedoesn'tfeellikeeatinganything,beingillforafewdays.3、接不定式,又接动名词区别不大的动词。如;like,love,hate,prefer.begin,start.4、接不定式.亦接动名词,区别大的动词有A.remember,forget,例如:PleaseremembertobringmethebookIwantnexttime.Irememberseeingher(=havingseenher)somewherebefore.B.mean:meantodo=wanttodo打算,想要…;meandoing:意味着,就是例如:Iamsorry,Ididn'tmeantohurtyourfeelings,Learningaforeignlanguagedoesn'tmeanjustworkinginclass.C.stop:stoptodo停下原来做的事情去做另一件事(不定式作目的状语);stopdoing停止干某事(动名词作宾语)。例如:Aftersometime,theystoppedwalkingandhadarest.Afterwalkingsometime,theystoppedtohavearest.D.try:trytodo,努力,设法做某事;trydoing:试着干某事。例如:1.Hesearchedeverywhereandtriedtofindhiskey.2.Hecametothecityfromthecountrysideandtriedtofindajob.E.want,need,require接动名词表示被动意义,表示需要、该……;接不定式,表示想,要干……。例如:Theroomwantscleaning.Thematterneedsthinkingover.(=tobethoughtover)F.goon:goontodo继续做与原来不同的另一件事(不定式作目的状语)。goondoing继续做与原来同一件事(动名词作宾语)。例如:Afterasmoke,hewentontellingusthatinterestingstory.AfterwritinghisEnglishcompositionhewentontoworkouthismathsproblems.G.动词advise,allow,permit,forbid后面只接宾语时用动名词,接复合宾语时:用动词不定式。例如:21.Doctorsadvisegivingupsmokingtobenefitone'shealth.2.Thedoctoradvisedhimtogiveupsmokingsoastoimprovehishealth.3.Shedoesn'tallow(permit)smokinginherroom.=Shedoesn'tallow(permit)anyonetosmokeinherroom.*总结一些省略to的动词不定式。1)、使役动词let,have,make后,感官动词see,watch,lookat,notice,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等词后的to省略。例:1.Hemadethebabycryingallnightlong.他让那个婴儿哭了一整夜。2.Letitbe.就这样吧。3.whenIpassedby,Isawthegirlpickingtheflowers.我经过的时候,看见那个女孩在摘花。注意:在这些词的用法中,用于被动语态时不能省去to。例:Isawhimdance.我看见他跳舞。=Hewasseentodance.Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.老板让他们整夜干活。=Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.2)、wouldrather/hadbetter后的to省略。例:IwouldrathergotoJapanthantheUSA.我宁愿去日本也不想去美国。Youhadbettertakeahatwithyou.你最好带上一顶帽子。3)、help后可带to,也可不带to,helpsb(to)dosth:4)、but和except后。but前是实义动词do时,后面出现的不定式不带to。比较:Hewantstodonothingbutgoout.他只想出去玩。Hewantstobelieveanythingbuttotakethemedicine.除了吃这药,他什么都信。5)、由and,or和than连接的两个不定式,第二个to可以省去:例:Heforgottogotoherhomeandgivehertheimportantletter.他忘了去她家并把一封重要的信件给她。四.句型:主语+VT及物动词+间宾(人sb)+直宾(物sth)(一)双宾语易位时需借助介词to的常用动词give/take/send/bring/teach/show/tell/pay/write/read/sell/lend/pass/return/throw/offer/handbringsb.sth.=bringsth.tosb.把某物带给某..handsb.sth.=handsth.tosb.把某物递给某..lendsb.sth.=lendsth.tosb.把某物借给某人offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.将某物给某人passsb.sth.=passsth.tosb.把某物递给某人paysb.sth.=paysth.tosb.付给某人某物(钱)readsb.sth=readsth.tosb.把某物读给某人听returnsb.sth=returnsth.tosb把某物还给某人sendsb.sth.=sendsth.tosb.把某物送给某人sellsb.sth.=sellsth.tosb.把某物卖给某人showsb.sth.=showsth.tosb.拿某物给某人看takesb.sth.=takesth.tosb.把某物拿给某人teachsb.sth.=teachsth.tosb.教某人某物tellsb.sth.=tellsth.tosb.告诉某人某情况throw.sb.sth.=throwsth.tosb.把某物扔给某人writesb.sth.=writesth.tosb.给某人写信(二)用for动词buy,cook,get,make,choose,sing,dobooksb.sth.=booksth.forsb.为某人预定某物buysb.sth.=buysth.forsb.为某人买某物choosesb.sth.=choosesth.forsb.为某人选某物cooksb.sth.=cooksth.forsb.为某人煮某物drawsb.sth.=drawsth.forsb.为某人画某物fetchsb.sth=fetchsth.forsb.为某人去取某物findsb.sth.=findsth.forsb.为某人找到某物getsb.sth.=getsth.forsb.为某人拿来某物makesb.sth.=makesth.forsb.为某人做某物ordersb.sth=ordersth.forsb为某人订购某物singsbsth=singsth.forsb为某人唱某物(歌)stealsb.sth.=stealsth.forsb.为某人偷某物五、主语+及物动Vt+宾语+宾补1).及物动接名词作宾补的有:call,make,think,name等。2)…接形容词…………的有:keep,make,find,think等。3)(1)及物动跟带to动词不定式作宾补的有:ask/tell/want/allow/wish/getexpect/encourage/invite/3teachsb.todosth.(2)vt跟省to的动词不定式做宾补的有:一感(feel),二听(hear,listento),三让(let,make,have),四看(lookat,see,watch,notice)半帮助(help)等。4).两用的有:find/see/hear/watch/notice/feelsbdosth/sb.doingsth.注意:感官动词跟宾补其区别是:dosth强调动作的全过程或经常性;doingsth则强调动作在进行(片断)。试比较:Iheardhersing.我听见她唱了歌。Iheardhersinging.我听见她在唱歌六.Therebe+主语+时间/地点(状语),表示某处/时有某物/人。多个名词作主语主语时谓语就近原则:也就是与最接近谓语的名词的数一致。例:.Thereisabook,towapples,threepenandacaponthedesk.Thereisgoingto/willbeafootballmatchtomorrow.被动语态一构成:主语是动作的承受者,用被动语态。1.一般现在时被动语态:am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词,(be是助动词)2.过去时的被动语态:was/were+及物动词的过去分词注意:被动语态中be的形式是由主语决定的3.情态动词的被语态:(情态动词)must/can/may+be+动词的过去分词小窍门:我们可以这样看被动语态的基本构成:be+及物动词的过去分词表示时态表示被动要变化不变化4.现在进行时的被动:am/is/are+being+v过去分5.过去进行时的被动:was/were+v过去分6.现在完成时的被动:have/has+been+v过去分____hadbeenV过去分(过去完成时
本文标题:初中英语基本句型及被动语态详解(附练习及答案)
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