定语从句(高一用).

定语从句定语的位置Ilikethegreenteam.Iliketheteamingreen.Iliketheteamwhowerewearinggreen.这是我的杯子Thisismycup.这是装满水的杯子。Thisisthecupfulloftea.这是我喝茶用的杯子。ThisisthecupwhichIdrinkteawith.•当你用一个词不能尽情表达你想说的意思时，就用短语；如果短语还不能满足，就用从句。ThegirlwhoisstandingthereisMary.概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。先行词+定语从句（名词/代词）+（关系词＋其他成分）关系词引导定语从句,起着连接主从句，指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。.定语从句的分类：（1）限定性定语从句：与先行词关系密切，如果没有定语从句，主句含混不清，不完整。限定性定语从句与先行词之间无逗号。（2）非限定性定语从句：是先行词的一个附加语，对先行词起进一步说明作用，如果删掉它，主句的意义仍然是完整的。非限定性定语从句与先行词之间有逗号。引导定语从句的关系代词thatthat人+物否whose/ofwhichwhose作定语是which/thatWho(m)/that作宾语否是否可略which/thatwho/that作主语物人句子成分先行词作表语thatthat/which是Thewomanismymother.Sheisspeakingatthemeeting.Thewomanthat/whoisspeakingatthemeetingismymother.注意：因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的人称、数必须和先行词一致。Titanicistheship___________sankafterhittinganiceberg.that/whichRoseandJackarethelovers_________metontheship.who/that3.Thehousetheybuiltin1987stayedupintheearthquake.1.Theearthquakehitthecityin2008wasthebiggestinChinesehistory.2.Wedon’tknowthenumberofpeoplelosttheirhomesin1906earthquakethat/whichthat/who（which/that）4.Thestudentsaretalkingaboutthestrangestoriesandpersons______theymetinthevillage.5.Harryistheboy_______motherisourmathsteacher.6.Luckilynoneofthepeople_____________Iknowwerekilledintheearthquake.(who/whom/that)whose(that)先行词指物时定语从句中关系代词宜用that，不宜用which的情况：1.先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时Thisisthebestfilm________Ihaveseen.2.先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时Thefirstplace_____theyvisitedwasYangzhou.Thisisthethirdfilm______hasbeenshowninourschoolthisterm.Themostimportantthing________shouldbedonenowistostudyEnglish.(that)thatthat(that)３.先行词由指人和指物的名词并列构成时Thewriterandhisnovel_____youhavejusttalkedaboutisreallywellknown.Thebikeanditsrider_____hadrunoveranoldwomanwereheldupbythepolice.4.先行词是all,much,little,few,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等不定代词Thereisnothing_____theywanttobuy.Thatisall_____Iwanttosay.(that)(that)(that)that5.先行词被any,few,little,no,all,oneof,thesame,thevery,theonly,justthe等词修饰时Theonlything_____wecoulddowastowait.Thisisoneofthepresents_____myboyfriendgavemeonmybirthday.6.如有主句含两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用that,以避免语言的单调或重复。Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthings_____hadneverbeenseenbefore.(that)(that)that8.主句已有疑问词which时,避免与先行词重复。Whichisthebook____heputherejustnow?7.当先行词在主句中作表语同时关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。Yangzhouisnolongerthecity_____itusedtobe.thatthat9.主句是Therebe结构，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that指代物。There’sstillaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree。•10.被修饰词为数词时。YesterdayIcaughttwofishandputtheminabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwothatarestillalive.先行词指物时定语从句中关系代词宜用which而不宜用that的情况１、当关系代词前面有介词时，且关系代词一律不能省略。Thisistheliberary__________Iborrowedthebook.IsthistheroominwhichMrWhitelives?２、在非限制性定语从句中。Crusoe'sdog,whichwasnowveryold,becameillanddied.fromwhich３、当关系代词指代前面整个句子时Hepassedtheexam,______madehisfatherveryhappy.4、在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个从句的关系代词用了that，另一个宜用which。LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.5、当关系代词后面带有插入语时。HereistheEnglishgrammarwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.which•关系代词的省略•1.条件：只在限定性定语从句中可省略。•2.情况：•a.关系代词在从句中担任动词宾语时•b.在从句中做介词的宾语，且介词在句尾•例如：Hereistheman(that)youhavebeenlookingfor.•c.关系代词在从句中做表语时•例如：Shanghaiisnolongerthecity(which)itusedtobe.•d.在therebe句型中，先行词是way时，关系代词省略。例：Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)youtalktome.小结：关系代词指物时用法要点定语从句中先行词指物宜用that，不宜用which的情况.1.先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词时.2.先行词是序数词,或它前面有一个序数词时.3.先行词既有人又有物时4.先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等代词时5.先行词any,few,little,no,all,oneof,thesame,thevery,theonly,justthe等词修饰时6.有两个定语从句,其中一个用which,另一个用that。7.当先行词在主句中作表语同时关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。8.主句已有疑问词which时9.主句是Therebe结构，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that指代物。先行词指物时定语从句中关系代词宜用which而不宜用that的情况。1.关系代词前有介词时,只用which，且关系代词一律不能省略。2.在非限定性定语从句中，只用which，不用that。3.当关系代词指代前面整个句子时。4、在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个从句的关系代词用了that，另一个宜用which。5、当关系代词后面带有插入语时。先行词指人时定语从句中关系代词宜用who而不宜用that的情况：１、先行词为one,ones,anyone或those(人）时。ThepersonIwanttolearnfromisonewhostudieshardandworkswell.Anyonewhofailedtocometothemeetingyesterdaymustgivehisreason.Thosewhoarenotfitfortheirworkshouldleaveofficeatonce.2.在Therebe结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人。There'sagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.Thereareseveralstudentsinourclasswhoarestillnotsureabouttheuseofattributiveclause.3、当先行词有较长的后置定语时。ImetaforeignerintheparkyesterdayafternoonwhocouldspeakChinesewell.注意：1.当主句已有疑问词who时，先行词指人，引导定语从句的关系代词只能用that.Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?2.all指人时，关系代词可用who,也课用that。Allthat/whocometoourpartyarewelcome.关系代词与介词1.当介词放在关系代词前时，介词宾语只能用which代物，whom代人。且关系代词一律不能省略。(固定短语中的介词不可提前)例如：IwanttofindthepenwithwhichIwrotethatletter.2.介词在末尾时，可用that/which（代物），that/whom/who（代人）做介词的宾语，且这个介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。例如：Themanwhom/who/that/可省hewantstoseeisinShanghai.引导定语从句的关系代词thatthat人+物否whose/ofwhichwhose作定语是which/thatWho(m)/that作宾语否是否可略which/thatwho/that作主语物人句子成分先行词作表语thatthat/which是•关系代词as引导限制性定语从句•Shewearsthesamekindofclothesashersisterwears.(不是同一件)(Cf.SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.（同一件）•Suchpeopleaswererecommendedbyhimwerereliable.)•Heisasgreatapainteraseverlived.•Inthecity,IoncesawsograndaNationalDaycelebrationasI