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当前位置:首页 > 临时分类 > 大学无机化学课后习题解析第二章
第2章化学反应的方向、速率和限度习题参考答案1.解:mrH=3347.6kJ·mol1;mrS=216.64J·mol1·K1;mrG=3283.0kJ·mol1<0该反应在298.15K及标准态下可自发向右进行。2.解:mrG=113.4kJ·mol1>0该反应在常温(298.15K)、标准态下不能自发进行。(2)mrH=146.0kJ·mol1;mrS=110.45J·mol1·K1;mrG=68.7kJ·mol1>0该反应在700K、标准态下不能自发进行。3.解:mrH=70.81kJ·mol1;mrS=43.2J·mol1·K1;mrG=43.9kJ·mol1(2)由以上计算可知:mrH(298.15K)=70.81kJ·mol1;mrS(298.15K)=43.2J·mol1·K1mrG=mrHT·mrS≤0T≥K)(298.15K)(298.15mrmrSH=1639K4.解:(1)cK=O)H()(CH)(H(CO)2432ccccpK=O)H()(CH)(H(CO)2432ppppK=pppppppp/O)H(/)(CH/)(H/(CO)2432(2)cK=)(NH)(H)(N3232212cccpK=)(NH)(H)(N3232212pppK=pppppp/)(NH/)(H/)(N3232212(3)cK=)(CO2cpK=)(CO2pK=pp/)(CO2(4)cK=3232)(HO)(HccpK=3232)(HO)(HppK=3232/)(H/O)(Hpppp5.解:设mrH、mrS基本上不随温度变化。mrG=mrHT·mrSmrG(298.15K)=233.60kJ·mol1mrG(298.15K)=243.03kJ·mol1Klg(298.15K)=40.92,故K(298.15K)=8.31040Klg(373.15K)=34.02,故K(373.15K)=1.010346.解:(1)mrG=2mfG(NH3,g)=32.90kJ·mol1<0该反应在298.15K、标准态下能自发进行。(2)Klg(298.15K)=5.76,K(298.15K)=5.81057.解:(1)mrG(l)=2mfG(NO,g)=173.1kJ·mol11lgK=RTG303.2)1(mf=30.32,故1K=4.81031(2)mrG(2)=2mfG(N2O,g)=208.4kJ·mol12lgK=RTG303.2)2(mf=36.50,故2K=3.21037(3)mrG(3)=2mfG(NH3,g)=32.90kJ·mol13lgK=5.76,故3K=5.8105由以上计算看出:选择合成氨固氮反应最好。8.解:mrG=mfG(CO2,g)mfG(CO,g)mfG(NO,g)=343.94kJ·mol10,所以该反应从理论上讲是可行的。9.解:mrH(298.15K)=mfH(NO,g)=90.25kJ·mol1mrS(298.15K)=12.39J·mol1·K1mrG(1573.15K)≈mrH(298.15K)1573.15mrS(298.15K)=70759J·mol1Klg(1573.15K)=2.349,K(1573.15K)=4.4810310.解:H2(g)+I2(g)2HI(g)平衡分压/kPa2905.74χ2905.74χ2χ22)74.2905()2(xx=55.3χ=2290.12p(HI)=2χkPa=4580.24kPan=pVRT=3.15mol11.解:p(CO)=1.01105Pa,p(H2O)=2.02105Pap(CO2)=1.01105Pa,p(H2)=0.34105PaCO(g)+H2O(g)CO2(g)+H2(g)起始分压/105Pa1.012.021.010.34J=0.168,pK=1>0.168=J,故反应正向进行。12.解:(1)NH4HS(s)NH3(g)+H2S(g)平衡分压/kPaxxK=/S)(H/)(NH23pppp=0.070则x=0.26100kPa=26kPa平衡时该气体混合物的总压为52kPa(2)T不变,K不变。NH4HS(s)NH3(g)+H2S(g)平衡分压/kPa25.3+yyK=//)25.3pypy(=0.070y=17kPa13.解:(1)PCl5(g)PCl3(g)+Cl2(g)平衡浓度/(mol·L1)0.250.070.00.250.00.250.0cK=)PCl()Cl()PCl(523ccc=0.62mol·L1,(PCl5)=71%PCl5(g)PCl3(g)+Cl2(g)平衡分压0.20VRT0.5VRT0.5VRTK=pppppp/)(PCl/)(Cl/)(PCl523=27.2(2)PCl5(g)PCl3(g)+Cl2(g)新平衡浓度/(mol·L1)0.10+y0.25y0.25+y210.0cK=)10.0()30.0)(25.0(yyymol·L1=0.62mol·L1(T不变,cK不变)y=0.01mol·L1,(PCl5)=68%(3)PCl5(g)PCl3(g)+Cl2(g)平衡浓度/(mol·L1)z35.0z0.050+zcK=zzz35.0)050.0(=0.62mol·L1z=0.24mol·L1,(PCl5)=68%比较(2)、(3)结果,说明最终浓度及转化率只与始、终态有关,与加入过程无关。14.解:N2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g)平衡浓度/(mol·L1)1.00.500.50cK=32223)H()N()NH(ccc=21)L·mol(0.2若使N2的平衡浓度增加到1.2mol·L1,设需从容器中取走x摩尔的H2。N2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g)新平衡浓度/(mol·L1)1.20.50+(30.2)x0.5020.20cK=2132)L·mol()02350.0(2.1)20.0250.0(x=21)L·mol(0.2x=0.9415.解:(1)α(CO)=61.5%;(2)α(CO)=86.5%;(3)说明增加反应物中某一物质浓度可提高另一物质的转化率;增加反应物浓度,平衡向生成物方向移动。16.解:2NO(g)+O2(g)2NO2(g)平衡分压/kPa10179.2=21.828679.2/2=24679.2K(673K)=pppppp/)(O/(NO)/)(NO2222=5.36mrG=KRTlg303.2,mrG(673K)=9.39kJ·mol117.解:mrG(298.15K)=95278.54J·mol1mrG(298.15K)=mrH(298.15K)298.15K·mrS(298.15K)mrS(298.15K)=9.97J·mol1·K1,mrG(500K)≈97292J·mol1Klg(500K)=0.16,故)K500(K=1.41010或者12lnKK≈RH)K15.298(mr2112TTTT,K(500K)=1.4101018.解:因mrG(298.15K)=mrG(1)+mrG(2)=213.0kJ·mol10,说明该耦合反应在上述条件可自发进行。上接第三章…….+22--2+2--220(1)(2)3615{(H)}(S)(HS){(Cu)}{(H)}(S)(HS)1.410(CuS)6.3102.210aaspcccKccSccKKK25(0.30)2.2100.10xx=4.1×10-16c(Cu2+)=4.1×10-16mol·L-1故残留在溶液中的Cu2+有4.1×10-16mol·L-1×0.10L×63.546g·mol-1=2.6×10-15g19.解:(1)c(Fe3+)=c(Fe2+)≈0.010mol·L-1若使Fe3+开始产生沉淀,则33-3+39-113-1(Fe(OH))(OH)(Fe)2.7910molL0.0106.510molLspKcc3>pH=14.00-12.19=1.81(2)Fe(OH)3沉淀完全,要求c(Fe3+)≤10-5mol·L-1,则33-3+39-1512-1(Fe(OH))(OH)(Fe)2.7910molL1.0106.510molLspKcc3pH=2.81
本文标题:大学无机化学课后习题解析第二章
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