山东省青州市有机农业发展现状及对策研究龙贤东

山东省青州市有机农业发展现状及对策研究摘要近年来，随着有机食品等有机产品逐步进入大众视线，人们开始更多的关注与期待一种新兴的农业发展模式——有机农业。因为人们坚信，有机农业会带来安全营养的食物或各类农产品，如不使用添加剂、农药、化肥等化学物质，不采用转基因技术，不使用核辐射技术等。有机农业更多考虑的是农业干预对农业生态系统的中期和长期影响，而不仅仅是其短期影响，这样既生产了粮食，也建立了生态平衡，也有助于解决病虫害、土壤肥力等问题。在最近几年的发展中，对我国产业结构调整、农民增收、环境保护等方面产生明显的效果,并成为极具潜力的优势产业。但目前由于诸多因素的制约,使得我国有机农业的发展与发达国家相比,尚存在较大的差距。本文以山东省青州市为例，回答了有机农业发展的机制体系，有机农业的途径模式及持续作用等等；通过研究青州市有机农业生产现状，发现生产中存在的问题和发掘生产潜力，对青州市有机农业生产实践将具有十分重要的现实意义。本文对青州市有机农业整体现状进行了分析，系统总结了青州市发展有机农业方面存在的自然优势、传统优势、地域优势、生态优势、人力资源优势、示范带动优势、政策优势等，发现了生产及经营体系中的技术、管理、体制、生产模式、销售策略等问题。然后重点对青州市有机农业发展的策略进行系统研究，研究发现加强组织领导，完善机制，增强全社会的有机意识是发展有机农业的基础前提；完善政策，搞好服务，是发展加快有机农业的重要途径；扩大规模，形成产业是带动提升有机农业发展整体水平重要因素；依靠科技进步，开发和推广有机食品生产新技术是提升有机农业品质的关键方面；确保质量，打响品牌，是发展有机农业的必经之路。在实证研究的基础上，我们得出以下结论：发展有机农业要统筹建立完善体制、政策、生产及销售模式等方面良性循环模式，健全法律法规和认证体系，充分发挥企业龙头和行业协会作用。关键词：有机农业；发展现状；存在问题；对策；青州ABSTRACTInrecentyears,alongwithorganicfoodandotherorganicproducts’graduallyenteringpublicview,organicagriculture,asanewlyrisingagriculturedevelopmentmode,startstograbmoreattentionandarosemoreexpectation.Peoplebelievethat,adheringsuchprinciplesasnotusingtransgenictechnology,notusingchemicalfertilizers,pesticidesandadditives,andnotusingnucleartechnology,willbringforthsafeandnutritiousfoodandotheragriculturalproducts.Organicagricultureconsideredagriculturalintervention’sinfluenceontheecologicalsystemofagricultureinthelongrun,sticktograinproduction,andatthesametime,establishecologicalbalance,soastosolvetheproblemofsoilfertilityandinsectanddiseaseproblems.Inrecentyears’development,theindustrialstructureadjustment,farmers'income’sincreasingandenvironmentalprotectionarefruitfulandyieldingpositiveeffects,andthesesectorsarebecomingpotentialadvantageousindustry.But,duetotherestrictionofmanyfactors,there’sstillabiggapbetweenthedevelopmentoforganicagricultureinourcountryandthatofinotherdevelopedcountries.Thispaper,takingQingzhoucityofShandongprovinceasanexample,gavetheanswerfororganicagriculturedevelopmentmechanism,themodeoforganicagriculturedevelopmentandconsequentialeffects,etc.Throughtheauthor’sresearchonthestatusquooftheorganicagricultureproductionofQingzhou,andhencefindouttheexistingproblemsandexploreitsproductionpotential,willhaveveryimportantpracticalsignificancetotheorganicagriculturalproductionofQingzhou.ThispaperanalysedtheoverallstatusquoofQingzhou’sorganicagriculture,andsystematicallysummarizedthenaturaladvantage,traditionaladvantage,geographicaladvantage,ecologicaladvantages,humanresourcesadvantage,samplingandradiationadvantage,andpolicyadvantage,etc,anddiscoveredsuchproblemsastechnology,management,institutionandproductionsintheprocessofproductionandoperationsystem.ThentheauthorfocusedontheresearchonthestrategyofQingzhou’sorganicagriculturaldevelopment,andsuggestedthatenhancingleadership,perfectinginstitutionandstrengtheningoverallorganicawarenessisthebasicconditionofdevelopingorganicagriculture;improvingpolicyandperfectingservice,areimportantmethodsofacceleratingorganicagriculture;expandingscaleandformingcompleteindustryareimportantfactorsofimprovingtheoverallstandardofagriculturaldevelopment;relyingontechnologicaladvanceanddevelopingandpopularizinglatestorganicfoodproductiontechnologyarekeyfactorsofimprovingorganicagriculture’squality;ensuringqualityandpolishingbrandsaretheonlyroutethatwemustpassthrough.Onthebasisofempiricalresearch,wedrawthefollowingconclusion:thedevelopmentoforganicagriculture,provideestablishcompleteinstitutions,policies,modeofproductionandsales,andformabenignmode.Improvelawsandregulationsandcertificationssystems,fullyplayaleadingroleandindustryassociation.KEYWORDS:organicagriculture,statusquo,existingproblems,countermeasures,Qingzhou目录第一章导论...........................................................131.1选题背景........................................................................................................................................131.2研究目的和意义............................................................................................................................141.2.1研究目的.............................................................................................................................141.2.2研究意义.............................................................................................................................141.3国内外研究文献综述....................................................................................................................141.3.1国外研究情况综述.............................................................................................................141.3.2国内研究现状综述.............................................................................................................151.3.3对现有研究的评述.............................................................................................................161.4研究思路和方法............................................................................................................................161.4.1研究思路..................................................................................................................