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11语法专题:it的用法,强调句及倒装句考点1:it的用法及形主,形宾的特殊句式结构1.It+be+形容词+主语从句,如:ItisuncertainwhetherhecancometoJenny’sbirthdaypartyornot.注意:在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)that....”中,that后的从句中的谓语动词用:should+动词原形(虚拟语气)[例句]It’snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.2.It+be+名词词组+主语从句,这类名词有:afact,apity,ashame,anhonour,aquestion等,如:It’sapitythatyoumissedtheexcitingfootballmatch.3.It+be+过去分词+主语从句,这类过去分词有:announced,believed,expected,hoped,decided,reported,said等,如:Itisreportedthat16peoplewerekilledintheearthquake.注意:Itissuggested(ordered/demanded/insisted/commanded...)that...该句型和上一个同属一个句型,主句中的过去分词是表示请求,建议,命令等词时,that后的从句要用虚拟语气(should+动词原形),should可以省;常译为“据建议;有命令...)Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.4.It+不及物动词(seem,appear似乎,happen碰巧,turnsout结果等)+主语从句,这类不及物动词有:appear,happen,seem等如:Itseemedthathedidn’ttellthetruth.5.It+be+形容词+动词不定式该句型如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起,主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性,紧迫性,频繁程度等情况的形容词。常见的形容词有:important,necessary,natural,easy,safe,common,normal,harddangerous,unusual,rare,impossible,pleasant等。6.It+be+形容词+(ofsb.)+动词不定式,这类形容词常是表示心理品质,性格特征的形容词,如:kind,nicestupid,clever,foolish,polite,impolite,silly,selfish,considerate,bad,brave,careless,clever,cruel,good(好心的),honest,horrible,lazy,modest等7.It+be+名词词组+动词不定式,如:Itisnotagoodhabittostayuptoolate.8.It+be+名词或形容词+动名词,这类名词和形容词常常是:good,nogood,nouse,awasteof,useless,senseless等,如:It’sawasteoftimetalkingtoheranymore.9.It+take(sb.)+时间(金钱)+动词不定式,如:Ittooktheworkersalmostthreeyearstofinishbuildingthedam.10.Itisapity(ashame...)that该句型中,that后的从句一般用虚拟语气(should+动词原形),should可省去.表示出乎意料,常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时,则不用虚拟语气。Itisapitythatsuchathing(should)happeninyourclass.Itisapitythatheisill.11.Itistime(abouttime,hightime)that...该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气,值得注意的是①常用过去时态表示虚拟.②有时也用should+动词原形,should不能省,常译为"是(正是)...的时侯..."Itistimethatchildrenshouldgotobed.=Itistimethatchildrenwenttobed.12.Itisthefirst(second...)timethat...如果是一般现在时,后面从句用现在完成时态;如果是一般过去时,后面从句则用过去完成时态,该结构中that可以省去;it有时用this替换.常译为"是第一(二)...次..."。ItisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.=ThisisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere13.Itis....since...该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时,又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题,主句中是时间作表语,其时态是现在时或完成时,since引导的从句通常是一般过去时态,而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时,从句则用过去完成时。22Itis(hasbeen)5yearssincehisfatherdied.14.Itisnogood(use)doingsth.15.Itdoesn’tmatterwhether(if)...该句型中whether(if)引导的从句是真正主语,该句型常译为“不论(是否)...没关系...。Itdoesn’tmatteriftheyareold.16.Itis...when...该句型中的when引导的是一个时间状语从句,主句中的it指时间,表语由具体的时间充当,常译为"当...的时候,是..."Itwas5o’clockwhenhecamehere.17.Itbe...before...该句型主句中的it指时间,主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时两种时态.主句中的表语多是long,notlong,3days,2weeks等表示时间段的词或短语,常译为"...之后..."twas3daysbeforehewenttoBeijing.Itwillbenotlongbeforehefinisheshisjob.18.Itlooks(seems)asif...该句型中it无意义,asif引导一个状语从句。常译为,"看起来好象..."如果与事实不相符合,则用虚拟语气。Itlooksasifheisill.(真的病了)Itlooksasifhewereill.(没有生病)19.It(never)occurs/occurredtosbtodosth.某人突然(从未)想到做某事It(never)occurs/occurredtosbthat某人突然(从未)想到20.Itremainstobeseen------------------有待观察练习:1.今天天气晴朗。2.今天是星期二。3.学校到我家10分钟的步行路程。4.我有一本字典,它使我聪明。5我没有字典,你能借我一本吗?6.对我们来说学一门外语是必要的。7.经常帮助同学她真是太好了。8.据说杰克已经通过了考试。9.她发现用英语回答这问题很难。10.我认为他不去上学是错误的。考点2:强调结构(1)itis/was…that…强调句型。(不能强调谓语动词)(2)do,does,did强调谓语。(只强调一般现在时和一般过去时的谓语动词)判断:若去掉itis/was和that三个词,句子依然成立,就是强调句型。考点3倒装句式倒装也有可能在语法填空中考,特别是完全倒装,要求考生填助词do或be的某种形式;完全倒装若考的话,可能结合谓语动词的时态及主谓一致进行考查。若结构较完整,空格后的谓语动词是原形,特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时,很可能是填表示强调或倒装33的助动词(do,does,did等)。构成部分倒装的条件是:(1)否定词开头的句子用部分倒装;(2)only加状语放在句首时的部分倒装;(3)So/NeitherdoI之类部分倒装句;(4)省略if的虚拟条件句用部分倒装;(5)So…that中的主句用部分倒装;(6)notonly…butalso…中的notonly句用部分倒装。练习:一.语法填空:1.Onlyifyoueatthecorrectfoods______youbeabletokeepfitandstayhealthy.(江苏)2.Billwasn’thappyaboutthedelayofthereportbyJason,andneither______I.(辽宁)3.Notuntilthemotorbikelookedalmostnew______hestoprepairingandcleaningit.(陕西)4.Little______herealizethatwewerewatchinghiseverymove,soheseemedtobegoinghisownwayinthisbusiness.(安徽)5.Sosuccessful___herbusinessthatMaricwasabletosetupnewbrancheselsewhere.(陕西)6.Onlythen______sherealizehowmuchdamagehadbeencaused.(陕西)7.____bykeepingdowncostswillPowerDataholditsadvantageoverothercompanies.(浙江)8.I’vetriedveryhardtoimprovemyEnglish.Butbynomeans______theteachersatisfiedwithmyprogress.(重庆)9.Atthefootofthemountain______(lie)avillage.(四川)10.—Myroomgetsverycoldatnight.—So__________mine.(江苏)11.ItwasinNewZealand______ElizabethfirstmetMr.Smith.(全国)12.Itwasnotuntilmidnight______theyreachedthecampsite.(重庆)二.句型转换1.HemethisEnglishteacherinthestreetyesterday..强调主语:强调宾语:强调地点状语:强调时间状语:2.Heruncledecidestosettledowninasmallvillageafterhelosthisjob.主谓一致:被强调部分做主语时,其形式与谓语动词在人称和数上保持一致。强调主语:强调宾语:强调时间:强调地点:3.Ididn’trealizewhattroublehewasinuntilatthattime.(改成强调句和notuntil放在句首的倒装句)4.Theteacherdidn’tstophislessonuntilthebellrang.(同上)5.Wedon’tknowitsvalueuntilwelosehealth.____________________weknowitsvalue.倒装6.IwillneverforgetyouaslongasIlive.__________IforgetyouaslongasIlive.7.Ihadnosoonergoneoutthanitbegantorain._____________________thanitbegantorain.8.wecanimproveourEnglishonlyinthisway.____________________improveourEnglish.9.Wehavesomuchhomeworktodothatwehavenotimetotakearest._______________wehavetodothatwehavenotimetotakearest.10.Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,Iwoul
本文标题:it语法专题练习
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