生物化学名词结实大全

WelcometoDXY.CNForumHelp|Search|E-Journal|MySetting|SignOut|MarkRead|MyForumTopStatus|Analysis»WelcometoDXY.CNForum»PrintpostForwardpostthlt1976Posts:6Score:12004-11-0115:271,aminoacid-2essentialaminoacid3nonessentialaminoacid4pI,isoelectricpointpH5ninhydrinreaction6peptidebond:7peptide:8primarystructure9chromatography:10ion-exchangecolumn11dialysis12gelfiltrationchromatography13affinitychromatograph14HPLC15gelelectrophoresis16SDS-SDS-PAGESDS-PAGE17IFEpHpIpH18two-dimensionalelectrophoreseSDS-PAGEpISDS-PAGE19EdmanEdmandegradationNN20homologousprotein1configuration):2conformation):3peptideunit:peptidegroup4-4protein--5proteintertiarystructure:6proteinquaternarystructure:7--heliv:nC44+n-0.54nm3.60.15nm.8,--sheet:,NC9--turn,--2165loop4I10super-secondarystructure:(motif).11domain:12fibrousprotein:13(globularprotein):14,keratin:--15,collagen:30.95nm,3.316(hydrophobicinteraction):17chaperone:18disulfidebond:19vanderWaalsforce:20denaturation:21myoglobin:22renaturation:23Bohreffect:CO2pH24hemoglobin:4S25,allostericeffect:26sickle-cellanemia:—Nvol(Ghe)1enzyme:RNA2,(apoenzyme):3holoenzyme:4U,activeunit:1961125ºC1min1mol1mol5specificactivity:25ºC6activationenergy:1mol7activeenergy:8-acid-basecatalysis:9covalentcatalysis10proximityeffect11(initialvelocity)12Michaelis-Mententequation:([s])=max[s]/(Km+[s])13Michaelisconstant:0max14catalyticnumber(Kcat):max/[E]total[]15double-reciprocalplot:Lineweaver_Burk1/V1/LSFxy16competitiveinhibition:Kmmax17noncompetitiveinhibition:-Kmmax18uncompetitiveinhibition:-Kmmaxmax/Km19serineprotease:20zymogen:21regulatoryenzyme:22allostericenzyme:23allostericmodulator:24concertedmodelTRTR25sequentialmodel26isoenzymeisozyme27allostericmodulator1,vitamin2water-solublevitaminBC3lipidvitaminADEK4conzyme5prostheticgroup6,NAD+NADP+7FMN8thiaminephosphateB19FAD10pyidoxalphosphateB611biotin12A(coenzymeA)13carotenoid14transaminase--1aldoseCC-12ketoseCC-23anomerC4anomercarbonC5mutarotation--6monosaccharide3CH2On7dlycoside8glycosidicbond:O—N—9oligoccharide22010polysaccharide2011reducingsugar12starch-14-14-1613glycogen:-14-1614limitdexitrin:-1615peptidoglycanN-N-16glycoprotein:17proteoglycan1fattyacid2saturatedfattyacid—C=C—3unsaturatedfattyacid—C=C—4occentialfattyacidEg5triacylglycerol6phospholipidEg7sphingolipid8sphingomyelinC-19lecithinPC10cephalinPE11liposome12bioligicalmembrane13integralmembraneprotein14peripheralmembraneprotein15fluidmosaicmodel““16permeabilitycoefficient17channelprotein18poreprotein19passivetransport20activetransportATP21contransport22endocytosis1nucleosideN-1N-9-N-2uncleoside3cAMP(cycleAMP)3,5-ATP4phosphodiesterlinkage:355DNA3,5-DNA6RNA3,5-7Rrna,ribonucleicacidRNArRNARNA.8(mRNA,messengerribonucleicacid):RNA.9,Trna,transferribonucleicacid:RNATRNAmRNA10transformation:DNA11transduction:12basepair:ATU,GC13Chargaff’srulesDNAA=TG=CA+G=T+CDNA`DNA14DNADNAdoublehelix2nm0.34nm3610A-TG-CDNA`15majorgrooveminorgroove:B-DNA-16DNADNAsupercoilingNADNA`17topoisomerse:DNADNADNADNA18nucleosome:DNA19chromatin:DNA`DNA20chromosome:``DNADNA21DNADNAdenaturationNA22annealingDNADNADNA`DNARNA23meltingtemperature,TmDNADNA24hyperchromiceffect:DNA260nm25hypochromiceffect:26exonuclease:27exonuclease:28restrictionendonuclease:DNADNADNADNA29restrictionmap:DNADNA30invertedrepeatsequence:DNA31DNArecombinationDNAtechnology:genomicengineering.DNA`32gene:cistron.DNADNADNA1catabolicreaction2anablicreaction3feedbackinbition4feed-forwardactivition5GO298K1atm=101.325KPa,mol/LGOpH7.06EO25pH7.01mol/L.1,glycolysis10ATPNADH2fermentationEgCO23Pasteureffect4substratephosphorlationADP-5—5citricacidcycleTACKrebsCoACO2CoA6(anapleroticreaction)7glyoxylatecycleCoACO21,pentosephosphareparhway-6-NADPH-5--6--5-CO2NADPH-5--5--6--3-2glucuronatepathway-6--1-UDP-C3futilecycle:ATPEg+ATP=6-+ADP6-+H2O=+Piiphosphorolysis:galactosemiatailwardgrowthgluconenogenesisrespiratoryelectron-transportchainoxidativephosphorylationichemiosnotictheoryiuncouplingagentg2,4P/OP/Oratio1/2O2ADPNADHO2P/OFADH2O2P/O6,highenergycompoundADPATP(chloroplast)chlorophyllaccessorypigmentphotosynthesisCO25,photophosphorylationATPADPPiATP6lightreactionATPNADPH7(darkreaction):ATPNADPHCO28CalvincycleC3CO2CO29C4(C4pathway)CCO2CO2C4C4CO210photorespirationO2CO2-1,5-1CoANADHFADH2ATP2carnitineshuttlesystemCoA3acetonebodyCoA4citratetransportsystemCoACoANADHNAD,NADP+NADPHATP.5,ACP1biologicalnitrogenfixatio2ureacycle43deamination4oxidativedeamination--5transamination---6ping-pongreaction7glucongenicaminoacid8acetonegenicaminoacidCoA9phenylketonuria10alcaptonuria1nuclosidephosphoryalse2nuclosidehydrolase3denovosynthesis4salvagepathway5(gout)6allopurinolCN7suicidesubstrate:8Lesch-NyhanLesch-Nyhansyndrome-IMPGMPLesch-Nyhan1hormone2hormonereceptor3secondmessengercAMP4cascadeamplification5GGproteinGTPGTPGGDPGcAMPGGTP6HERDNA12~20bpDNA1semiconservativereplicationDNADNA2replicationforkYDNADNA3DNADNApolymeraseDNA3DNA4KlenowKlenowfragmentE.coliDNAIC605DNAI5-33-55-35leadingstrand:5-3DNA6laggingstrand5-3DNA7OkazakifragmentDNA1000DNAReijiOkazakiDNA8primosomeE.coliDNADNARNA9replisomeDNADNA10SSBDN